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Multiple Boolean expressions can be combined by using a logical operator to create ________ expressions.
 
A)         compound
B)         logical
C)         mathematical
D)         sequential
   
Which of the following is the correct if clause to determine whether choice is anything other than 10?
 
A) if choice <> 10:
B) if not(choice < 10 and choice > 10):
C) if choice != 10:
D) if choice != 10
   
A(n) ________ structure is a logical design that controls the order in which a set of statements execute.
 
A) iteration
B) sequence
C) control
D) function
   
The if statement causes one or more statements to execute only when a Boolean expression is true.
 
True
False
   
Which of the following is the correct if clause to determine whether y is in the range 10 through 50, inclusive?
 
A) if 10 < y or y > 50:
B) if y >= 10 and y <= 50:
C) if y >= 10 or y <= 50:
D) if 10 > y and y < 50:
   
When using the ________ logical operator, one or both of the subexpressions must be true for the compound expression to be true.
 
A) or
B) not
C) maybe
D) and
   
The decision structure that has two possible paths of execution is known as
 
A) single alternative
B) dual alternative
C) two alternative
D) double alternative
   
The following statement will check to see if the turtle's pen color is 'green':
if turtle.pencolor() = 'green'
 
True
False
   
Which of the following will determine if the turtle's pen is up and will change it to down if that is the case?
 
if not(turtle.isdown()):
            turtle.pendown()
   
Decision structures are also known as selection structures.
 
True
False
   
In Python the ________ symbol is used as the not-equal-to operator.
 
A) <=
B) ==
C) !=
D) <>
   
Expressions that are tested by the if statement are called Boolean expressions.
 
True
False
   
What is the result of the following Boolean expression, given that x = 5, y = 3, and z= 8?
not (x < y or z > x) and y < z
 
A) 8
B) 5
C) False
D) True
   
The not operator is a unary operator which must be used in a compound expression.
 
True
False
   
What is the result of the following Boolean expression, given that x = 5, y = 3, and z = 8?
x < y or z > x
 
A) False
B) 5
C) True
D) 8
   
In Python the ________ symbol is used as the equality operator.
 
A) <=
B) ==
C) !=
D) <>
   
When using the ________ logical operator, both subexpressions must be true for the compound expression to be true.
 
A) not
B) or
C) either or or and
D) and
   
Python allows you to compare strings, but it is not case sensitive.
 
True
False
   
What is the result of the following Boolean expression, given that x = 5, y = 3, and z = 8?
x < y and z > x
 
A) False
B) 5
C) 8
D) True
   
The Python language is not sensitive to block structuring of code.
 
True
False
   
Python uses the same symbols for the assignment operator as for the equality operator.
             
True
False
   
Which of the following will hide the turtle if it is visible?
 
if (turtle.invisible ():
            turtle.hideturtle ()
   
Which logical operators perform short-circuit evaluation?
 
A) or, not
B) and, or, not
C) or, and
D) not, and
   
What does the following expression mean?
x <= y
 
A) x is less than y
B) x is greater than or equal to y
C) x is greater than y
D) x is less than or equal to y
   
A Boolean variable can reference one of two values which are
 
A) Y or N
B) T or F
C) yes or no
D) True or False
   
Short -circuit evaluation is only performed with the not operator.
             
True    
False
   
An action in a single alternative decision structure is performed only when the condition is true.
             
True    
False
   
The following code snippet will change the turtle's pen size to 4 if it is presently less than 4:
if turtle.pensize() < 4:
turtle.pensize(4)
             
True
False
   
Nested decision statements are one way to test more than one condition.
             
True
False
   
What is the result of the following Boolean expression, given that x = 5, y = 3, and z = 8?
x < y and z > x
 
A) True
B) 5
C) 8
D) False
   
Expressions that are tested by the if statement are called Boolean expressions.
             
True
False
   
Decision structures are also known as selection structures.
             
True
False
   
In Python the ________ symbol is used as the not-equal-to operator.
 
A) <=
B) ==
C) !=
D) <>
   
The not operator is a unary operator which must be used in a compound expression.
             
True
False
   
Which of the following is the correct if clause to determine whether y is in the range 10 through 50, inclusive?
 
A) if 10 > y and y < 50:
B) if y >= 10 and y <= 50:
C) if 10 < y or y > 50:
D) if y >= 10 or y <= 50:
   
The decision structure that has two possible paths of execution is known as
 
A) single alternative
B) double alternative
C) two alternative
D) dual alternative
   
The Python language is not sensitive to block structuring of code.
             
True
False
   
Which of the following is the correct if clause to determine whether choice is anything other than 10?
 
A) if not(choice < 10 and choice > 10):
B) if choice <> 10:
C) if choice != 10
D) if choice != 10:
   
The following statement will check to see if the turtle's pen color is 'green':
if turtle.pencolor() = 'green'
             
True    
False
   
A _______ -controlled loop uses a true/false condition to control the number of times that it repeats.
condition
 
A _______ -controlled loop repeats a specific number of times
count
 
Each repetition of a loop is known as a(n) _______.
iteration
 
The while loop is a _______ type of loop.
pretest
 
A(n) ________ loop has no way of ending and repeats until the programs is interrupted.
infinite
 
The -= operator is an example of a(n) ________ operator.
augmented assignment
 
 
A(n) _______ variable keeps running total.
accumulator
 
A(n) _______ is a special value that signals when there are no more items from a list of items to be processed.
This value cannot be mistaken as an item from the list.
sentinel
 
GIGO stands for
garbage in, garbage out
 
The integrity of a program's output is only as good as the integrity of the program's
input
 
The input operation that appears just before a validation loop is known as the
priming read
 
Validation loops are known as
error traps
 
(True / False) A condition-controlled loop always repeats a specific number of times
False
 
(True / False) The while loop is a preset loop
True
 
(True / False) The following statement subtracts 1 from x: x = x -1
True
 
(True / False) It is not necessary to initialize accumulator variables
False
 
(True / False) In a nested loop, the inner loop goes through all of its iterations for every single iteration of the outer loop
True
 
A _____ structure can execute a set of statements only under certain circumstances
decision
 
A _____ structure provides one alternative path of execution
single alternative decision
 
in pseudocode, the If-Then statement is an example of a _____
decision structure
 
a(n) _____ expression has a value of either true or false
boolean
 
the symbols >, <, and == are all _____ operators
relational
 
A(n) _____ structure tests a condition and then takes one path if the condition is true, or another path if the condition is false.
dual alternative decision
 
You use a(n) _____ statement to write a single alternative decision structure.
if
 
You use a(n) _____ statement to write a dual alternative decision structure.
if-else
 
and, or, and not are _____ operators.
logical
 
A compound Boolean expression created with the _____ operator is true only if both of its subexpressions are true.
and
 
A compound Boolean expression created with the ____ operator is true if either of its subexpressions is true.
or
 
The _____ operator takes a Boolean expression as its operand and reverses its logical value.
not
 
A _____ is a Boolean variable that signals when some condition exists in the program.
flag
 
You can write any program using only sequence structures.
False
 
A program can be made of only one type of control structure. You cannot combine structures.
False
 
A single alternative decision structure tests a condition and then takes one path if the condition is true, or another path if the condition is false.
False
 
A decision structure can be nested inside another decision structure.
True
 
A compound Boolean expression created with the "and" operator is true
only when both subexpressions are true.
True
 
A(n) _____ section of a Select Case statement is branched to if none of the case values match the expression listed after the Select statement.
default
 
A _____ structure allows you to test the value of a variable or an expression and then use that value to determine which statement or set of statements to execute.
multiple alternative decision
 
The decision that controls every loop is always based on a ____ comparison.
Boolean.
 
The ______ variable is initialized before entering the loop.
Loop control.
 
When the value of a loop control variable is not altered by arithmetic but is instead altered by user input this is known as a(n) ____ loop.
Indefinite.
 
Program logic gets more complicated when you must use loops within loops, or ____ loops.
Nested.
 
A common mistake when programming with loops is neglecting to ___ the loop control variable.
Alter.
 
Statements inside a loop that could be placed outside the loop make the loop ____.
Less efficient.
 
You usually use the for statement with ___ loops.
Definite.
 
The difference between an accumulator and a counter lies in the ____ that you add to the variables.
Value.
 
Most languages provide a built-in way to check whether enter data is____.
Numeric.
 
____ a data item means you override incorrect data by setting the variable to a specific value.
Forcing.
 
If a loop control variable is incremented by user input, it is a(n)___________ loop.
Indefinite
 
A(n) ________ loop can be used to code for definite and indefinite loops.
While
 
The amount by which a for loop control variable changes after the body executes is often called a(n) _____ value.
Step
 
A(n) ___________accumulator is a variable used to gather or accumulate values.
Accumulator
 
________reports show no individual item details. They show only totals.
Summary.
 
A ____ expression is one that represents only one of two states, usually expressed as true or False.
Boonlean
 
The keyword that is NOT included in a single-alternative selection is ____.
Else
 
The ____ clause is the part of the decision that holds the action or actions that execute when the tested condition in the decision is true.
If-Then
 
____ operators require two operands.
Binary
 
Both operands in a comparison expression must be the same ____.
Data type
 
Usually, ____ variables are not considered to be equal unless they are identical.
String
 
When you ask multiple questions before an outcome is determined, you create a ____ condition.
Compound
 
A(n) ____ decision is a decision in which two conditions must be true for an action to take place.
AND
 
A series of nested if statements is also called a ____ if statement.
Cascading
 
Most languages allow you to use a variation of the decision structure called the ____ structure when you must nest a series of decisions about a single variable.
Case
 
For maximum efficiency, a good rule of thumb in an AND decision is to ____.
First ask the question that is more likely to be false
 
Most programming languages allow you to ask two or more questions in a single comparison by using a(n) ____ operator that joins decisions in a single statement.
AND
 
The conditional AND operator in Java, C++, and C# is ____.
&&
 
____ are diagrams used in mathematics and logic to help describe the truth of an entire expression based on the truth of its parts.
Truth tables
 
When creating a truth table, you must determine how many possible Boolean value combinations exist for the conditions.
If there are two conditions, ____ combinations will exist.
Four
 
In a truth table, the expression ____ is true.
True and True
 
____ evaluation is when each part of an expression that uses an operator is evaluated only as far as necessary to determine
whether the entire expression is true or false.
Short Circuit
 
For maximum efficiency, a good rule of thumb in an OR decision is to ____.
First ask the question that is more likely to be true
 
When you use the logical ____ operator, only one of the listed conditions must be met for the resulting action to take place.
OR
 
C#, C++, C, and Java use the symbol ____ as the logical OR operator.
||
 
You use the logical ____ operator to reverse the meaning of a Boolean expression.
NOT
 
You can perform a ____ by making comparisons using either the lowest or highest value in a range of values.
Range Check
 
When you combine AND and OR operators, the ____ operators take precedence, meaning their Boolean values are evaluated first.
AND
 
You can use ____ for clarity and to override the default order of operations.
Parentheses