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Suppose that you have declared a numeric array named values that has 13 elements. Which of the following must be true?
values [13] is out of bounds
 
The subscripts of any array are always __________.
integers
 
The structure that allows you to write one set of instructions that operates on multiple, separate sets of data is the _______________.
loop
 
The loop that frequently appears in a program's mainline logic _______________
works correctly based on the same logic as other loops
 
Which of the following is not a step that must occur with every correctly working loop?
Set the loop control value equal to a sentinel during each iteration.
 
The statements executed within a loop are known collectively as the _______________.
loop body
 
A counter keeps track of _______________.
the number of times an event has occurred
 
Adding 1 to a variable is also called _______________ it
incrementing
 
Which of the following is a definite loop?
a loop that executes 1,000 times
 
Which of the following is an indefinite loop?
a loop that follows a prompt that asks a user how many repetitions to make and uses the value to control the loop
 
When two loops are nested, the loop that is contained by the other is the _______________loop.
inner
 
When loops are nested, _______________.
none of the above
 
Most programmers use a for loop _______________.
when they know the exact number of times a loop will repeat
 
A report that lists only totals, with no details about individual records, is a
accumulator
 
A(n) __________ expression has a value of either true or false.
Boolean
 
In a selection. the else clause executes
when the tested condition is false
 
The greater-than operator evaluates as true when
the left operand is greater than the right operand
 
A trivial Boolean expression is one that
always has the same value
 
if x < = y is true, then __________
x > y is false
 
if j <> k is true, then __________
j > k might be true
j < k might be true
 
In an AND condition, the most efficient technique is to first ask the question that ______________.
is least likely true
 
If p is true and q is false, then _____________.
p OR q is true
 
Which of the lettered choice is equivalent to the following decision?
if x > 10 AND y > 10 then output "X" endif
 
If conditionA is 30 percent likely to be true and conditionB is 10 percent likely to be true, then it is most efficient to test conditionA first __________
in an OR decision
 
Which of the following is a poorly written, trivial Boolean expression?
a < 10 AND a > 40
 
Which of the following must always be false?
e > 10 AND e < 7
 
Which of the following must always be true?
g <>12 OR g <> 15
 
If sales = 100, rate = 0.10, and expenses = 50, which of the following expressions is true?
sales >= expenses AND rate < 1
sales < 200 OR expenses < 100
 
Typically, the value added to a counter variable is ______
1
 
Typically, the value added to an accumulator variable is ______
different in each iteration
 
When you___________________, you make sure data items are the correct type and fall within the correct range
validate date
 
Overriding a user's entered value by setting it to a predetermined value is known as ______
forcing
 
To ensure that a user's entry is the correct data type, frequently you _________________
use a method built into the programming language
 
A do-while loop ________________
can be replaced by a sequence and a while loop
 
A subscript is a(n) ____________________
number that indicates the position of an array element
 
Each element in an array must have the same ____________ as the others
data type
 
Suppose that you have declared a numeric array named numbers, and two of its elements
are numbers[1] and numbers [4] You know that
There are exactly two elements between those two elements(number [2], number[3]
are the elements between them)
 
Suppose that you have declared a numeric array named numbers, and two of its elements are numbers[1] and numbers[4]. You know that
the array has at least five elements
 
Suppose that you want to write a program that inputs customer data including name,zipCode, balance,
and regionNum. At the end of the program, a summary of the number of customers in each of 12 sales
regions who owe more than $1,000 each is displayed. The most likely statement during the main
processing loop would be ________
customerCount[regionNum] = customerCount[regionNum] + 1
 
A program contains a seven-element array that holds the names of the days of the week.  At the start
of the program, you display the day names using a subscript named dayNum. You display the same array
values again at the end of the program where you ________ as a subscript to the array
can use dayNum, but can also use another variable
 
Suppose that you have declared an array as follows: num values[4] = 0, 0, 0, 0.
Which of the following is an allowed operation?
output values[3]
 
Filling an array with values during a program's execution is known as _____ the array.
populating
 
A ______________ is a variable that can be set to indicate whether some event has occurred.
flag
 
Two arrays in which each element in one array is associated with the element the same relative positions are __________
parallel
 
In most modern programming languages, the highest subscript you should use with a 12-element array is _____.
11
 
Parallel arrays _____.
frequently have an indirect relationship
 
Each element in a seven-element array can hold _____ value(s).
one
 
Suppose that an instructor assigns different letter grades based on points earned on a 10-point quiz,
and that all scores have been verified to be between 0 and 10 inclusive. Also suppose that four possible
letter grades can be assigned and that 9 or 10 points is an A, 7 or 8 points is a B, 6 points is a C, and 5 or
fewer points is an F. To assign letter grades, the most efficient numeric array containing point values
would contain _____________ elements.
three
 
When you use a subscript value that is negative or higher than the number of elements in an array, _____.
the resulting action depends on the programming language used
 
In every array, a subscript is out of bounds when it is ________________.
negative
 
Computer programs are also known as ___________________
software
 
What are the instructions listed during step 5 of the problem solving-process?
Solution
 
The value of a _______________ (identifier) may change during processing
Variable
 
True or False: A constant is a variable that NEVER changes during the processing of all the instructions in a solution
True
 
Computer programs are used to solve problems.
 True
 
Programs are divided into two parts: algorithms and logic.
 False
 
A programming language is an example of the syntax used to create a solution to a problem.
 True   
 
An algorithm is like a recipe used in cooking.
 True   
 
An information system refers to all of the computers used to collect data for an organization.
 False 
 
All useful information systems have two parts: Input and Output.
False
 
Processing is an essential part of any information system.
 True
 
A flow chart is a graphical representation of a program’s logic.
True 
 
All programs have a beginning and an end.
True 
 
The flowchart symbol for Output is a rectangle.
False
 
The flowchart symbol for Input is a parallelogram.
 True 
 
12. The ampersand symbol (&) is used to link together variables and text.
 False
 
An input statement will sometimes store data in a variable.
  False
 
The name of a variable is constant.
 True
 
A variable has two parts, a name and the data value, both of which can change while the program is running.
 False  
 
16. String data and numeric data are the same and can be input into the program the same way.
False  
 
Numeric data cannot include symbols such as the percent sign or commas.
  True 
 
Because a variable can have any name, ‘Sue’ is an acceptable name for a variable.
 False 
 
In Visual Logic the variable Name is the same as the variable NAME.
True 
 
Assignment statements are used to process data.
True 
 
Unorganized facts known as ________ enter the program and is returned as output or ________________
Data; Information
 
What are the 3 most common types of data?
Numeric
Character
Logical
 
+ is a _______________ operator
Mathematical
 
/ is a _____________ operator
Relational
 
The major computer operations include ______
input, processing, and output
 
Visual Basic, C++, and Java are all examples of computer ______
programming language
 
A programming language's rules are its ___________
syntax
 
The most important task of a compiler or interpreter is to ________________
translate programming language statements into machine language
 
Which of the following is temporary, internal storage?
memory
 
Which of the following pairs of steps in the programming process is in the correct order?
code the program, translate it into machine language
 
A programmer's most important task before planning the logic of a program is to _______.
understand the problem
 
The two most commonly used tools for planning a programs logic are _______
flowcharts and psuedocode
 
Writing a program in a language such as C++ or Java is known as the __________ program.
coding
 
An English-like programming language such as Java or Visual Basic is a ______ programming language.
high-level
 
Which of the following in an example of a syntax error?
misspelling a programming language word
 
In a flowchart, a rectangle represents ______
processing.
 
In flowcharts, the decision symbol is a ______
diamond
 
The term eof represents
a generic sentinel value
 
When you use an IDE instead of a simple text editor to develop a program
some help is provided
 
When you write a program that will run in a GUI environment as opposed to a command-line environment,
some syntax is different
 
The assignment operator
is a binary operator
 
Which of the following is not a term used as a synonyms for module?
object
 
Modularization
facilitates re usability
 
What is the name for the process of paying attention to important properties while ignoring nonessential details?
abstraction
 
Every module has all of the following except ______
local variables
 
Programmers say that one module can ______ another, meaning that the first module causes the second module to execute.
call
 
The more that a module's statements contribute to the same job, the greater the ______________ of the module.
functional cohesion
 
In most programming languages, a variable or constant that is declared in a modeul is in that module ________________
in scope
 
Which of the following is not a typical house keeping task?
printing summaries
 
Which module in a typical program will execute the most times?
the detail loop
 
A hierarchy chart tells you
which modules call other modules
 
What are non executing statements that programmers place within code to explain program statements in English?
comments
 
Which of the following is valid advice for naming variables?
To make names easier to read, separate long words by using underscores or capitalization for each new word.
 
A message that asks a user for input is a(n)
prompt
 
_______ is a combination of all the components required to process and store data using a computer.
 Computer System
 
What is the equipment, or the physical devices, associated with a computer?
Hardware
 
________ is computer instructions that tells the hardware what to do.
Software
 
What are sets of instructions for a computer?
Program
 
What is the act of developing and writing programs?
Programming
 
_____________ is all the programs that help users with tasks (in contrast to system software).
Application Software
 
________ is a piece of application software (term is frequently used for applications on mobile devices).
App
 
What are the programs that manage a computer (contrast to application software)?
System Software
 
What describes the entry of data items into computer memory using hardware decides such as keyboards and mice?
Input
 
_______ is all the text, numbers, and other information processed by the computer.
Data Items
 
What can processing do?
Organize data items
Check data for accuracy
Perform mathematical operations
All of the above
 
What piece of computer hardware processes data?
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
 
_________ describes the operation of retrieving information from memory and sending it to a device,
so that people can view, interpret, and work with the results.
Output
 
__________ is processed data.
Information
 
What is a hardware apparatus that holds information for later retrieval?
Storage Devices
 
What are remote computers that are accessed through the Internet?
Cloud
 
_____________ is a language, such as Visual Basic, C++, C#, Java or COBOL, used to write programs.
Programming Languages
 
What is a set of instructions a programmer writes in a programming language?
Program Code
 
What is the act of writing the statements of a program in a programming language?
Coding the Program
 
____________ is the rules of a language.
Syntax
 
What is an error in language or grammar?
Syntax Error
 
___________ is the temporary, internal storage within a computer.
Computer Memory
 
Programs that are running and data items that are being used are stored in ____________ for quick access.
RAM
 
__________ is a characteristic of internal memory in which its contents are lost every time the computer loses power.
Volatile
 
What describes storage that retains its contents when power is lost?
Nonvolatile
 
What are the 6 steps of problem solving?
1. Identify the problem
2. Understand the problem
3. Identify alternatives
4, Select the best way to solve the problem
5. Prepare a list of steps (instructions)
6. Evaluate the solution
 
Solutions that cannot be reached through a direct set of steps are called ___________
Heuristic Solutions
 
As compared to procedural programming, with object oriented programming ______
the programmer's focus differs
 
What does a declaration provide for a variable?
both if the above (name and data type)
 
A variable's data type describes all of the following except ______
the scope of the variable
 
The value stored in an uninitialized variable is
garbage
 
The value 3 is a
numeric constant
 
Solutions that can be reached through a direct set of steps are called _______________
Algorithmic Solutions
 
The problem-solving process is easy
False
 
A good way to analyze a problem is to separate is into 4 parts. What are those 4 parts?
1. the given data
2. The required results
3. The processing that is required in the problem
4. A list of solution alternatives
 
An error is called a bug and correcting the error is debugging
True
 
What does UML stand for?
Unified Modeling Language
 
A case diagram describes the flow of activities
False
 
What are the 3 logic structures?
1. sequential
2. decision
3. loop
 
True or false: calculation modules do arithmetic calculations, accumulating, counting, or
manipulating numerical data in some other way
True
 
____________ is the ability for a module to work independently from all other modules
Cohesion
 
Local variables may be used only by the module itself
True
 
The oval flowchart symbol represents what 3 algorithm instructions?
Start
End/exit
Return
 
Sequential logic structure is the most complex logic structure
False
 
What is the first step in analyzing the problem?
To understand what is needed and what is given and separate them from all of the
nonessential information in the problem
 
Why is it important that the programmer or use of the application package write down important
details about the program?
Because documentation is useful to everyone involved with the program
 
What are the 7 steps to developing a solution to a problem?
1. Analyze the problem
2. Develop the structure chart
3. Develop the IPO chart
4. Develop the coupling diagram and the data directory
5. Develop the algorithms
6. Develop the flowcharts
7. Test the solution
 
The decision logic structure uses the If/Then/Elseinstrution
True
 
What type of logic means that all of the decisions are processed sequentially?
Straight-through logic
 
What is the difference between negative and positive logic
In negative logic the flow of the processing continues through the module when
the resultant of a decision is false
 
What are the 4 parts of a decision table?
1. The conditions
2. The actions
3. The combinations of true and false for the conditions
4. The action to be taken or the consequences for each combination of conditions
 
The _______ logic structure enables the computer to select one set of actions from many
by selecting an integer or a character from a list of coded choices designed by a programmer
Case
 
The loop logic structure does not repeat
False
 
A task that a program must often perform also known as summing a group of numers
accumulating
 
What are the the 3 types of loop structures
1. While/WhileEnd
2. Repeat/Until
3. Automatic-counter
 
______________ are logical variables that a programmer sets within a program to change
the processing path or to control when the processing of a loop should end
indicators
 
What are the 3 common tasks associated with the loop logic structure?
1. counting/ increment to determine a total number of items
2. summing/accumulating to find totals
3. processing arrays
 
The flowchart element for an assignment statement is a triangle.
 False  
 
22. The assignment statement has two parts: an expression and a variable.
  True  
 
The expression part of the assignment statement goes on the left hand side.
  False 
 
The variable side of the assignment statement is processed last.
  True 
 
The expression part of the assignment statement does not have to be a mathematical formula.
  True 
 
The elements of an assignment statement are processed in order from left to right.
False 
 
27. All mathematical operations are processed in the order of left to right as they appear in the equation.
 False  
 
The programmer can change the operator precedence by using parentheses.
True 
 
The Exponentiation Operation has the highest precedence.
True 
 
The operations of Division and Integer Division have the same precedence.
False
 
Integer division and integer remainder are unusual mathematical operations that only have use in specialized situations.
  False
 
Types of output can include sending data to the screen, a printer, or a floppy disk.
 True 
 
A literal string is text enclosed by either single quotes or double quotes.
 False 
 
The flowchart symbols for Input and Output statements are identical.
 False 
 
FormatPercent() is an example of an intrinsic function.
 True 
 
CurrencyFormat() is not an example of an intrinsic function.
True 
 
An output statement can only contain literal strings or variables.
 False 
 
Concatenation is the term used to describe the process of  joining literal strings, variables, and expressions.
True 
 
The Step Over and Step Into options are used to run one command at a time.
True 
 
Visual Logic allows the programmer to debug the program by examining variables in the  Variable Watch window.
True 
 
A computer program:
a.)  is a solution to a problem.
b.)  has an algorithm component.
c.)  has a syntax component.
d.)  has both b and c.
e.)  All of the above.
 
An algorithm is the:
a.)  logical design of a computer program.
b.)  syntax design of a computer program.
c.)  physical design of a computer program.
d.)  language used to write a computer program.
e.)  same as an information system.
 
Which is the correct sequence of steps in an information system?
a.)  Data -> knowledge -> wisdom  information
b.)  Knowledge -> wisdom -> information  data
c.)  Information -> data -> wisdom -> knowledge
d.)  Data -> information -> knowledge -> wisdom
e.)  Information -> data -> knowledge -> wisdom
 
Syntax refers to the:                                
a.)  logical design of a computer program.
b.)  language used to create a computer program.
c.)  the graphical representation of a computer program.
d.)  flowchart of a computer program.
e.)  None of the above.
 
Which is not a primary component of an information system?
a.)  Input
b.)  Output
c.)  Debugging
d.)  Processing
e.)  All are primary components.
 
Which symbol in a flowchart represents Input?
a.)  Parallelogram
b.)  Rectangle
c.)  Diamond
d.)  Hexagon
e.)  Square
 
Which symbol in a flowchart represents Output?
a.)  Parallelogram
b.)  Rectangle
c.)  Diamond
d.)  Hexagon
e.)  Square
 
48. Which symbol in a flowchart represents an assignment statement?
a.)  Parallelogram
b.)  Rectangle
c.)  Diamond
d.)  Hexagon
e.)  Square
 
An ampersand is used to:                                
a.)  add together numbers.
b.)  represent a carriage return.
c.)  represent a line feed.
d.)  concatenate string items.
e.)  signal the end of the program.
 
Which is true about a variable?
a.)  The name and data value can both change.
b.)  The name can change, but the data value cannot.
c.)  The name cannot change, but the data value can.
d.)  The name and the data value both cannot change.
e.)  A variable does not have a data value.
 
Which symbol can sometimes be used when using numeric input?
 a.)  Percent (%)
b.)  Decimal (.)
c.)  Dollar ($)
d.)  Comma (,)
e.)  All of the above.
 
Which statement takes data from a user and stores it in a variable?
 a.)  Input
b.)  Assignment
c.)  Output
d.)  Input and output
e.)  All of the above.
 
Which statement takes string literals, variables, and expressions and displays the data on a screen  or printer?
 a.)  Input
b.)  Assignment
c.)  Output
d.)  Input and output
e.)  All of the above.
 
Which statement performs mathematical operations on data and stores the result in a variable?
 a.)  Input
b.)  Assignment
c.)  Output
d.)  Input and output
e.)  All of the above.
 
Which is not a rule for naming variables?
 a.)  Use a descriptive name for the variable.
b.)  Start the name of a variable with a letter.
c.)  Use nothing but letters, digits, or the underscore character.
d.)  Do not use a reserved programming language word as a variable.
e.)  All of the above are appropriate rules for naming variables.
 
An assignment statement will:
 a.)  perform a calculation.
b.)  store the results of a calculation.
c.)  display the results of a calculation.
d.)  Both a and b.
e.)  All of the above.