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What happened to expenditures on out-of-home advertising between 2014 and 2018?
They grew steadily.
 
The term public relations is widely misunderstood and misused because its scope is so broad
true
 
Public relations efforts are used to rally public support and respond to inquiries
true
 
A company that owns and maintains outdoor advertising structures is called a(n)
plant
 
Which of the following is particularly well suited for locations where there is good visibility and lots of traffic?
bulletin structures
 
The message on _____ is first printed at a lithography or screen plant on large sheets of paper and then mounted by hand on the panel.
posters
 
Outdoor advertising, advertising on buses and subways, and terminal advertising are examples of _____.
out-of-home media
 
Which type of advertising medium has been called "the /last /mass medium"?
Billboards
 
When public relations activities are used for marketing purposes, the process is called
marketing public relations
 
What is the most likely reason for the term public relations 2.0?
impact of social media on public relations activities
 
What is the first function performed by a public relations professional?
plan and execute the company's public relations program
 
In order to gauge attitudes about reports that its beef was barely meat, Taco Bell encouraged consumers to call a toll-free
phone line and leave feedback. Taco Bell used _____ to measure public attitude.
opinion sampling
 
Which of the following would most likely be used by the public relations staff of a firm to provide information to employees
about meetings, construction plans, or new equipment?
a bulletin board
 
Reputation management
includes both publicity and press agentry
 
_____ is a long-term strategic process to managing the standing of the firm with various publics.
reputation management
 
Which of the following uses structures that are scientifically placed for delivering advertising effectively?
standardized outdoor advertising
 
_____ are a type of outdoor advertising that measures 14 by 48 feet (although it may have extensions), and the message it carries may be painted or printed.
Bulletins
 
The key to effective public relations is running a short campaign that focuses on consumers as buyers
false
 
Both advertising and public relations objectives can be carefully placed to achieve and measure specific reach and frequency objectives
false
 
Most public relations professionals consider marketing the umbrella process that companies use to determine what goods the market needs and how to distribute and sell them
false
 
Most modern companies are public relations oriented since their main focus is on the bottom-line
false
 
A Los Angeles article about Facebook pledging to end racial exclusion in some ads is an example of publicity.
true
 
Most public relations people engage in press agentry
true
 
Blank panels with a standardized size and border are features of a _____.
poster
 
Which of the following types of out-of-home media is the most common?
on-premise signs
 
What happened to expenditures on out-of-home advertising between 2014 and 2018?
They grew steadily.
 
Grocery product manufacturers and local advertisers commonly use smaller poster sizes called ____________ posters.
Junior
 
Most advertising practitioners view public relations as a(n)
marketing tool to promote sales of the company's products or services
 
Advertisers that want more saturation should _____.
advertise in better locations
 
Managing a company's reputation and helping to build public support for its activities is the primary role of ______.
public relations
 
Compared to advertising, public relations _____.
is a better approach to build credibility
 
True or false: In an integrated marketing communications program, marketing public relations (MPR) and advertising are independent of each other.
False
 
The goal of community involvement is to develop a crisis management plan that incorporates all shareholders
false
 
Public relations practitioners often engage in speechwriting
true
 
Public affairs usually requires a specialist to deal with elected officials and community groups.
true
 
A media kit is the most widely used public relations tool
false
 
Identify a form of public relations research that helps PR people track changes in attitudes among a variety of publics.
opinion sampling
 
Rezzen Inc., a car manufacturer, is looking to improve its status and build its credibility in the market. For this purpose, the company's public relations professionals are using various strategies, such as publicity and community involvement. In this scenario, the company is engaging in _____.
reputation management
 
Identify the primary role of public relations of a company.
to build public approval for the company's enterprises
 
Public affairs often requires a specialist to deal with elected officials and regulatory bodies.
True
 
Identify an accurate statement about public relations (PR).
It offers lesser precision and control compared to advertising.
 
______ refers to the use of public relations activities for marketing purposes.
Marketing public relations
 
You are likely to find feature articles in trade journals
true
 
A house organ is a publication about happenings and policies at the company
True
 
_____ refers to persuading government officials to promote administrative action or legislation in the interest of the client.
lobbying
 
In 2016, oil companies spent over $88 million on ______ efforts designed to encourage members of the government to support
the Dakota Access Pipeline and legislation related to other oil and gas projects.
lobbying
 
North Western Energy employs a full-time government relations specialist who works to get members of the government to
support or oppose energy projects in the company's service area. One of the specialist's main roles lately has been to speak
against solar energy to members of state government. This government relations specialist is engaged in
lobbying
 
Which of the following is the most widely used public relations tool?
a press release
 
A _____ is one or more printed or electronic pages of information issued to generate publicity or shed light on a subject of interest.
news release
 
A _____ supports the publicity of special events such as press conferences, grand openings, and trade shows. It includes a basic
fact sheet of information about the event, a program or schedule of activities, and a list of the participants and their biographical data.
media kit
 
Along with its ad campaign to improve the relationship of the Raiders with the citizens of Oakland, the football team's agency issued
a ____, which contained pictures and biographical data of all the players, quotes from fans, ticket prices, special promotions that would
be held throughout the season, and a story about how wrong the Raiders had been to move to Los Angeles.
press kit
 
A four-page article in Pallet Enterprise, a trade journal for the pallet and container industry, about the success of Jisco,
a Korean nail company, would most likely be an example of a
feature article
 
Which of the following terms refers to internal and external publications such as stockholder reports, newsletters, and dealer publications?
house organ
 
Which of the following terms refers to a magazine published online or sent by e-mail?
e-zine
 
Karen Pryor Clicker Training sends out a regular newsletter that has tips on dog training, promoting a dog training business, news,
and essays. Which of the following best describes the publication?
house organ
 
When writing a news release, you should
write a headline that signals the key facts of the story
 
Which of the following statements is true about video news releases (VNRs)?
video news releases are sometimes viewed as subtle commercials
 
A(n) _____ is a cash or in-kind fee paid to a property in return for access to the exploitable commercial potential associated with the property.
sponsorship
 
Paul Mitchell's marketing campaign runs a variety of ads that all feature a pink rabbit and read "NO ANIMAL TESTING." Paul Mitchell is practicing
cause marketing
 
_____ is a partnership between a for-profit company and a nonprofit organization, which increases the company's sales
while raising money and visibility for the organization's mission.
cause marketing
 
_____ is support of a cause without any commercial incentive.
philanthropy
 
How do companies benefit from sponsorships?
sponsorships can rapidly convert fan loyalty into sales
 
_____ is a promotional strategy non-sponsors use to capitalize on the popularity or prestige of an event or property by
giving the false impression that they are also sponsors.
ambush marketing
 
Which of the following is a form of sponsorship that links a sponsor to a physical site such as a stadium, arena, auditorium, or racetrack?
venue marketing
 
The best way to evaluate the results of sponsoring a marathon is by
measuring spending equivalencies between free media exposure and comparable advertising space or time
 
When companies sponsor stadiums and buildings, such as Chase Field in Pheonix, Arizona, or the Capitol Federal Hall at the
University of Kansas-Lawrence, it is an example of
venue marketing
 
Which type of sponsorship is most common in North America?
sports
 
When ExxonMobil, a company that has been accused of environmental insensitivity, runs an ad that highlights its corporate
support of the National Fish and Wildlife Federation's Save the Tiger fund, ExxonMobil is most likely engaged in _____ advertising.
public relations
 
_____ advertising is used to communicate a company's views on issues that affect society or business.
advocacy
 
A company would most likely use an advertorial to
change public opinion
 
Carlson Hotels Worldwide is one of the world's leading hotel companies with five brands spanning luxury to economy,
including Radisson Hotels and Country Inns. In the first advertising campaign for Carlson Hotels, its commitment to service
was extolled and a loyalty program that allowed guests to earn redeemable points when they stayed at any Carlson Hotel was
introduced. This is an example of _____ type of corporate advertising.
umbrella advertising
 
Hudson Hardware was recently purchased by Colony Home Improvement Warehouse.
Which type of advertising would most likely help Colony Home Improvement Warehouse introduce itself to
Hudson Hardware's customers who are unfamiliar with the Colony Home Improvement Warehouse name and logo?
corporate identity advertising
 
Public relations departments often produce video new releases (VNRs) to highlight corporate news and then provide them free to
TV stations, which may air them without disclosing where they came from.
true
 
Cause marketing occurs when a company such as Avon donates part of its profits to breast cancer research
true
 
Studies show that very few Americans approve of corporate sponsorship in the area of professional sports.
false
 
Some events have so many sponsors that getting one marketer's message through is extremely difficult, a problem known in advertising as clutter
true
 
Ambush marketing involves an official event sponsor placing its logos in all areas of a stadium
false
 
Venue marketing has had little influence on sports marketing because most professional sports teams prefer to retain ownership of their stadiums.
false
 
An event that is suitable for sponsorship should evoke a key attribute of the product sold by the sponsoring company.
true
 
Corporate advertising is a much narrower category of advertising than public relations advertising.
false
 
The most widely used public relations tool is a _____.
press release
 
In the context of public relations research, conducting interviews, holding focus groups, analyzing incoming mail,
and creating field reports are a part of _____.
opinion sampling
 
A _____ contains a sheet of information about an event, a schedule of activities, brochures, and news and feature
stories for the print media.
press kit
 
In public relations, a strategic process conducted over a long period of time to manage the standing of a firm with various
publics is known as _____.
reputation management
 
Recruitment advertising is a form of corporate advertising.
true
 
The primary media used for corporate advertising are trade journals
false
 
When CenturyLink acquired Qwest, the company ran a series of ads stating "Qwest is now CenturyLink." This is an example of
corporate identity advertising
true
 
Which term refers to the management function that focuses on the communications that organizations have with other groups for the
purpose of creating mutual goodwill?
public relations
 
Starbucks, The Body Shop, and Walmart are examples of companies that have conducted brand building primarily through
publicity
 
_____ are an organization's employees, customers, stockholders, competitors, suppliers, legislators, or the community in which the
organization resides that it wants develop and maintain goodwill with.
publics
 
Which of the following is not one of the primary goals of public relations?
integrating sales promotions
 
Unlike advertising, public relations activities are
highly credible
 
What is the most likely reason that public relations communications are viewed as more credible than advertising messages?
many public relations communications are in the form of news articles or features stories
 
When sponsorship, cause marketing, or philanthropy is done through a donation of goods and services, the kind of support it provides is _____.
in kind
 
All activities related to the community citizenship of an organization, including dealing with community officials and working with
regulatory bodies and legislative groups, come under the domain of _____.
public affairs
 
More than almost any other marketing communications tool, ______ have the ability to involve the company's stakeholders.
sponsorships and events
 
A(n) _____ is composed of printed or electronic pages of information that are issued to print and broadcast outlets by a company to
generate publicity or to provide information on a subject of interest.
press release
 
A package of publicity materials used to give information to the press at staged events such as press conferences or open houses is
known as a(n) _____.
media kit
 
A cash or in-kind fee paid to an event or organization in exchange for access to the commercial potential of that event or organization
is known as _____.
sponsorship
 
Competitors of the sponsors of a prestigious event often employ a promotional strategy called _____, which capitalizes on the event's
popularity by giving people the false impression that these competitors are the sponsors of the event.
ambush marketing
 
Identify an accurate statement about public relations (PR).
It offers lesser precision and control compared to advertising.
 
When is an event sponsorship called a "sponsownership"?
when the entire event is owned and controlled by the sponsor
 
From a marketer's perspective, what are the disadvantages of sponsorship?
It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of a sponsored event.
 
Which of the following statements about sponsoring an event is true?
It is difficult to evaluate the results of sponsoring an event.
 
Identify an example of corporate advertising.
public relations advertising
 
After the massive oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, British Petroleum's main focus was _____ in order to mitigate the public and political fall out.
crisis management
 
When Martha Stewart was sentenced to prison for insider-trading, her company Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia Inc.
most likely engaged in _____ to minimize damage to the organization.
crisis management
 
_____ is the generation of news about a product, person, or service that appears in broadcast or print media.
publicity
 
Muzzen Inc., a leading manufacturer of sports drinks, is the official sponsor of the Major League Baseball playoffs. However,
 its top competitor purchased all the advertising space around the stadium so as to confuse the public about the real sponsor
of the event. The competitor employed a(n) _____ strategy.
ambush marketing
 
Advertising used by a company to convey a controlled message to one of its important publics in order to improve its relationship with the publics is known as _____.
public relations advertising
 
More than almost any other marketing communications tool, ______ have the ability to involve the company's stakeholders.
sponsorships and events
 
When Netflix instituted price increases and tried to pitch them as a benefit, consumers saw through the line and the
press provided the company with plenty of _____, though most of it was around the unplanned message that Netflix
was trying to dupe customers as it raised prices.
publicity
 
Paparazzi may be the scourge of Hollywood stars, but Fraser Ross appreciates the mob of photographers.
Ross, owner of the celebrity-friendly L.A. boutique Kitson, said paparazzi shots of stars like Halle Berry shopping at his
Robertson Boulevard store have helped to triple sales in the past year. Kitson is benefiting from
publicity
 
Which of the following statements about publicity is true?
publicity has a good return on investment compared to other communications activities
 
Press agentry refers to the
planning of activities and the staging of events to attract attention and generate publicity
 
In his job in the PR department of GLB Manufacturing, Tyrone communicates frequently with state officials, local community groups,
and federal regulatory agencies. Tyrone is most likely a(n)
public affairs specialist
 
A company website that provides public relations and investor information about the company is known as a(n)
online newsroom
 
According to Johnson & Johnson, which of the following is the best strategy in the event of a disaster like the Tylenol poisonings?
be open and candid
 
When a company is confronted with a crisis management situation, it should
actively cooperate with authorities in the investigation
 
The goal of _____ ________ is to develop a dialog between the company and the community.
community involvement
 
The Rocks Build Our World program of the National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) includes both group tours of the company's corporate office facility and classroom visits targeted to fourth graders. The classroom visits start with some basic information on geology, mining methods, and the uses of minerals in everyday life. This is an example of
community involvement
 
A type of nonproduct advertising that aims to obtain favorable attention for a business as a whole, not for a specific product or service that the business sells, is known as _____.
institutional advertising
 
What is a characteristic of a "sponsownership"?
It helps a company achieve its marketing objectives.
 
ITmax, a prominent IT company, has merged with its competitor and changed its logos and corporate signatures. It has developed a nationwide campaign to inform customers about the change in its name, trademark, and logo after the merger. ITmax is using _____ advertising.
corporate identity
 
Like many public relations activities, the problem with sponsorships is in ______.
how to evaluate its effectiveness
 
Recruitment advertisements are usually placed in newspapers by the _____ department of a company.
human resources
 
Public relations advertising, a form of corporate advertising, is used to _____.
enhance a company's public goodwill
 
Advertising a corporation creates to familiarize the public with its name, logos, trademarks, or corporate signatures, especially after any of these elements are changed, is known as _____.
corporate identity
 
New technology has helped advertisers to _____.
easily verify the value of an advertisement's location
 
Which of the following states prohibits the use of any billboards?
Hawaii
 
Bus and taxicab advertising and posters on transit shelters, terminals, and subways is a category of out-of-home media called _____.
transit advertising
 
Unlike spectaculars, _____ offer a 5- by 11-foot printing area on a panel surface 6 feet high by 12 feet wide.
junior posters
 
_____ is the most important factor in outdoor advertising.
Location
 
Global ____________ systems that give the exact location of a given board using satellite technology are used useful for outdoor advertising companies.
position
 
Which of the following controls the advertising used on U.S. highways?
the Highway Beautification Act of 1965
 
_____ have made transit advertising more attractive to national advertisers.
Standardization and better research
 
Advertisers who advertise at bus shelters and on the back of bus-stop seats are using _____.
transit shelter advertising
 
The market-to-market rates of locations vary considerably because of variations in _____.
property rental prices
 
Advertising space is sold for one-, two-, and three-sheet _____ in many bus, subway, and commuter train stations.
terminal posters
 
Which locations for car-end posters carry premium pricing? (Select all that apply.)
side
end
 
One of the advantages of transit shelter advertising is that it _____.
is extremely inexpensive
 
_____ are used to offer special advertising forms such as floor displays, island showcases, and moving messages in major train and airline terminals.
Terminal posters
 
The most widely used outside posters are on the side, front, and rear of a(n) _____.
bus
 
The _____ is placed above the seats and luggage area in a wall rack for advertising.
inside card
 
What is public relations?
The management function that focuses on the relationships and communications that individuals and organizations have
with other groups for the purpose of creating mutual goodwill.
 
Who are considered publics in PR terminology?
Employees, customers, stockholders, competitors, suppliers, or the general population of customers.
 
What is marketing public relations (MPR)?
The use of public relations activities as a marketing tool.
 
What is opinion sampling?
A form of public relations research in which consumers provide feedback via interviews, toll-free phone lines, focus groups, and similar methods.
 
What is reputation management?
The long-term strategic process to manage the standing of the firm with various publics.
 
What is publicity?
The generation of news about a person, product, or service that appears in broad.
 
What is press agentry?
The planning of activities and the staging of events to attract attention to new products or services and to generate publicity about the company or organization that will be of interest to the media.
 
What is crisis management?
A company's plan for handling news and public relations during crises.
 
What is community involvement?
A local public relations activity in which companies sponsor or participate in a local activity or supply a location for an event.
 
What is public affairs?
All activities related to the community citizenship of an organization, including dealing with community officials and working with regulatory bodies and legislative groups.
 
What is lobbying?
Informing government officials and persuading them to support or thwart administrative action or legislation in the interests of some client.
 
What is speechwriting?
The function of a public relations practitioner to write speeches for stockholder meetings, conferences, conventions, and so on.
 
What is an online newsroom (or pressroom)?
A website that provides PR and investor information about corporations and organizations.
 
What is a corporate blog?
A web-based source of information about a company, its policies, products, or activities.
 
What is a news (press) release?
A printed or electronic sheet of information issued to generate publicity.
 
What is a press (media) kit?
A package of publicity materials used to give information to the press at events.
 
What are feature articles?
Soft news about companies, products, or services.
 
What is a house organ?
Internal and external publications produced by business organizations.
 
What is an e-zine?
A magazine published online or sent by email.
 
What are posters used for in public relations?
Signs that impart product information or other news of interest.
 
What are exhibits in public relations?
Displays that tell about an organization or its products.
 
What are bulletin boards used for in public relations?
An internal means for announcing news and information.
 
What is an intranet?
A restricted-access computer network for sharing information within an organization.
 
What are audiovisual materials used for?
Slides and videos used for training, sales, or presentations.
 
What are video news releases (VNRs)?
News or feature stories prepared in video form for TV stations.
 
What is sponsorship?
A cash or in-kind fee paid to an event or organization in return for access to the exploitable commercial potential associated with that event or organization.
 
What is in kind?
The donation of goods and services as payment for some service such as a sponsorship.
 
What is cause marketing?
A promotion in which a portion of the proceeds from certain for-profit products are donated to a nonprofit cause.
 
What is philanthropy?
Support for a cause without any commercial incentive.
 
What is ambush marketing?
A promotional strategy utilized by nonsponsors to capitalize on the popularity or prestige of an event or property by giving the false impression that they are sponsors.
 
What is venue marketing?
A form of sponsorship that links a sponsor to a physical site such as a stadium, arena, auditorium, or racetrack.
 
What is corporate advertising?
Nonproduct advertising aimed at enhancing a company's image and increasing awareness.
 
What is public relations advertising?
Advertising that attempts to improve a company's relationship with its publics.
 
What is institutional advertising?
Advertising that promotes a business as a whole, not a specific product or service.
 
What is advocacy advertising?
Advertising used to communicate an organization's views on issues that affect society or business.
 
What are advertorials?
Ads that are half advertising, half editorial and aim to sway public opinion.
 
What are umbrella advertising campaigns?
Advertising campaigns that simultaneously communicate messages about a company and its products.
 
What is a cash fee in sponsorship?
A monetary payment made by a sponsor to an event or organization.
 
What is an in-kind fee in sponsorship?
The donation of goods or services as payment for sponsorship.
 
What is the purpose of cause marketing?
To increase sales for products while raising money and visibility for a cause.
 
What is the goal of philanthropy?
To support a cause without expecting any commercial benefit.
 
What is the aim of ambush marketing?
To capitalize on the popularity or prestige of an event or property without being an official sponsor.
 
What does venue marketing link a sponsor to?
A physical site such as a stadium, arena, auditorium, or racetrack.
 
What is the objective of corporate advertising?
To enhance a company's image and increase awareness.
 
What does institutional advertising promote?
A business as a whole, rather than specific products or services.
 
What is corporate identity advertising?
Advertising a corporation creates to familiarize the public with its name, logos, trademarks, or corporate signatures, especially after any of these elements are changed.
 
What is recruitment advertising?
A special type of advertising, most frequently found in the classified sections of daily newspapers or in online job boards, aimed at attracting employment applications.
 
How long does the typical ad buy last for taxicab exteriors?
30 days
 
_____ are printed on high-grade cardboard and are often made weather-resistant.
outside posters
 
Which of the following are potential locations for taxicab exterior advertisements?
doors
roof
trunk
 
Product packaging and trade-show booths are examples of _____.
exhibitive media
 
In the world of integrated marketing communications, the only advertisement that the consumer sees when using a product is the product's _____.
package
 
The _____ aspect of packaging concerns its attractiveness and creating a relationship with the customer to set apart the product from competitors and therefore influence the customer's shopping decisions.
promotion
 
The _____ process of buying packaging involves input from five major groups: consumers, manufacturers, marketing intermediaries, consumer advocacy groups, and government agencies.
conceptual
 
_____ are designed to present the product directly in front of customers, such as at the point of sale.
Exhibitive media
 
Packaging influences the _____, since it is an intrinsic aspect of the basic product concept.
product message
 
In Europe, regulations requiring environmentally friendly packaging are more stringent because European countries _____.
are densely populated
 
The _____ aspects of packaging reduce the costly effects of damage and spoilage.
protection and preservation
 
The nature and the cost of packaging are strongly influenced by conflicting concerns of different groups in the _____ process.
conceptual
 
Packaging consists of which of the following elements?
color
labeling
design
 
Producing environmentally safe packaging causes the cost of the marketer's materials to _____.
rise
 
The _____ aspect of packaging concerns its attractiveness and creating a relationship with the customer to set apart the product
from competitors and therefore influence the customer's shopping decisions.
promotion
 
Consumers of pharmaceutical products have a preference for _____ containers.
plastic
 
Packaging specialists are used in the second phase of packaging, which is known as the _____.
production process
 
A ___________ show is an event where an advertiser can meet the company's major international prospects in one place.
trade
 
Wrappers, cartons, bottles, jars, and pallets constructed from different materials like paper, steel, wood, and metal foils are different forms of _____.
packaging
 
In order to stop people as they pass by, a trade-show booth must be _____.
attractive
 
In planning exhibits or trade-show booths, advertisers need to focus primarily on which of the following?
size and location of the space
 
Experts in package engineering, graphic artists, label producers, and package warehousing companies are part of the _____ of packaging.
production process
 
Demonstrations and discussions by manufacturers and dealers in exhibitions involving buyers are referred to as _____.
trade shows
 
The atmosphere at trade-show booths and exhibits should be _____.
comfortable
 
Planning of trade shows pivots in part on _____.
the image of a brand
 
In the last decade, trade-show expenses have _____.
increased substantially
 
Marketers build customer interest and product exposure during a tradeshow through _____.
promotional materials
 
An extensive review of more than 60 factors is required for budgeting for _____.
a trade show
 
A promotional product that is distributed free as a part of a marketing communications program, as defined by the Promotional Products Association International (PPAI), is referred to as a(n)
advertising specialty
 
Unlike the simple procedures required to get an advertising specialty, getting a _____ requires recipients to engage in such actions as buying a product, sending a coupon, or witnessing a demonstration.
premium
 
Which of the following are common methods that marketers use to build traffic for a trade-show booth or exhibit?
trade publication advertisements
direct-mail campaigns
 
The broad category of media that encompasses specialty advertising, directories, and Yellow Pages is referred to as _____.
supplementary media
 
An advertising specialty, unlike a premium, is always given _____ to customers.
free of cost
 
A reason that cinema advertising has become more attractive to marketers is that _____.
it does not allow the audience to flip channels
 
Postage stamps are now potential locations for out-of-home advertisements.
true
 
Which of the following is an example of augmented reality advertising?
using a special pair of glasses to view digitally-projected information about nearby businesses
 
Which type of advertising relies on geofencing technology to serve a series of related advertisements to the same person at various locations throughout the day?
target and retarget
 
A flatbed truck that carries long billboards along a busy streets is an example of a _____.
mobile billboard
 
Which type of advertising relies on personal devices such as smart phones to project interactive digital information onto the physical world?
augmented reality
 
Which types of advertising are combined to create target and retarget advertising?
digital OOH
geofencing
 
The _____ is a cross between traditional billboards and transit advertising.
mobile billboard