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Turtle Graphics are  __________________________ with a pen that can be thought of as being attached
to the tail of a robotic turtle.
 
A) values
B) drawn
C) elements
D) items
   
Which standard library module are turtle graphics object and methods imported from?
 
A) pickle
B) turtle
C) graphics
D) random
   
turtle.jump() is a correct python statement using graphics.
   
             
True
False
             
In Turtle graphics, the turtles tail is initially located ___________________________.
 
A) at a random location on the canvas
B) at the bottom middle of the canvas
C) at the origin of the coordinate system
D) at the top left corner of the canvas
                       
In Turtle graphics, points on the canvas are called ___________________________.
 
A) dots
B) pixels
C) chevrons
D) turtles
                         
import graphics;
is a correct python  statement.
             
True
False
   
A try statement can control more than one except clause.
 
True
False
                         
The turtle can be instructed to raise or lower the pen, use a specified color, rotate in place, move to a designated point,
move forward or backward for a specified distance, draw a dot, and display text.
             
True    
False
                         
pencolor(colorP); 
fillcolor(colorF);
The above pair of statements can be condensed into the single statement, turtle.color(colorP, colorF);
 
             
True
False
             
The turtle cannot respond to commands from the turtle module.
             
True    
False
             
When the pen is lowered, the pen cannot draw while the turtle moves.
             
True    
False
             
The turtle graphics contains functions that draw:
 
A) hierarchy charts
B) modulars
C) rectangles, lines, dots and stars
D) callouts
             
Turtle graphics are drawn with a/an:
 
A) pen
B) pointer
C) stylus
D) plotter
             
The two built in modules used in python graphics are:
 
A) fillcolor and begin_fill
B) turtle and color
C) turtle and graphics
D) turtle and tkinter
             
Turtle graphics object and methods are imported from the graphics module.
             
True    
False
             
The pickle module is used to import graphics in the Python program.
             
True
False
                         
What are the items that appear on the graphical interface window called?
 
A) icons
B) buttons
C) widgets
D) graphical elements
             
In Turtle graphics, the write method displays a string with the __________________________ corner of the string,
approximately at the current position of the pen.
 
A) top left
B) top center
C) bottom left
D) bottom center
                         
Turtle Graphics uses objects and methods from the turtle module.
             
True
False
 
             
In Turtle graphics, the turtle is initially facing ___________________________.
 
A) north
B) west
C) east
D) south
   
This type of algorithm rearranges the values stored in an array in some particular order.
Sorting Algorithm
 
If an array is sorted in this order, the values are stored from lowest to highest.
Ascending
 
If an array is sorted in this order, the values are stored from highest to lowest.
Descending
 
To overcome the deficiencies of assembly language, what was created?
High-level programming languages
 
Languages moved from 1st generation _____ languages, 2nd generation _____ languages, to 3rd generation _______ lanaguages
Machine, assembly, high-level
 
When transitioning from machine to assembly language, what was needed to "translate" instructions?
An assembler
 
What is binary machine language instruction called?
Object code
 
What is the new translator needed to convert high-level language instruction?
Compiler
 
What is high-level language instructions?
Source code
 
A compiler translates high-level language program to _______, and then an assembler translates it to _______ in machine language
assembly language, object code
 
Where is the object code for a task stored?
Code library
 
What is a piece of system software that inserts requested object code from code libraries into the object code for the requesting program?
Linker
 
What is an executable module?
The resulting object code
 
Why is the job of a compiler much more difficult than the assembler?
Because an assembler corresponds to at most one machine language instruction, a one-for-one translation
 
What philosophical family do most of today's popular high-level programming languages fall into?
Procedural language
 
What does a program written in procedural language consist of?
Sequences of statements that manipulate data items
 
What is the task of the programmer?
To devise step-by-step commands than when carried out by computer, accomplish desired task
 
What is the most fundamental operation of a procedural language?
Storing and receiving data values
 
The programmer does not direct changes in the value of a memory location.
False
 
If data is sorted in ascending order it means it is ordered from lowest value to highest value.
True
 
If data is descending order it means it is ordered from lowest value to highest value.
False
 
Regardless of the programming language being used it is not possible to use the bubble sort algorithm to sort strings.
False
 
The average number of comparisons performed by the sequential search algorithm on an array of n elements is n/2 (assuming the search values are consistently found).
True
 
The maximum number of comparisons performed by the sequential search algorithm on an array of n elements is n/2 (assuming the search values are consistently found).
False
 
How do Ada, C++, Java, and Python differ?
In syntax
 
What environment do must programmers work within?
Integrated Development Environment
 
What does the IDE allow?
The programmer to perform a number of tasks within one application program, instead of several
 
What have no functionality, but give prospective users an idea of what a final software package will look like?
Prototypes
 
What allows misunderstandings to be identified early on?
Rapid prototyping process
 
What is one principle of agile software development, called pair programming?
Involves two programmers at a single station. One writes code, the other observes to look for error and they take turns
 
Why should costs and benefits of pair programming be weighed?
Because it is more effective, but more expensive
 
What is syntax?
The rules for how statements must be written
 
What is the meaning of correctly written statements?
Semantics
 
The Python program is ________, not compiled
Interpreted
 
What happens every time Python is executed?
It is translated from source code to object code
 
Object code is in the form of ________
Binary numbers
 
A ________ is a program module that contains a series of statements that carry out a task.
method
 
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A method can contain one or more other methods
 
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Using methods with multiple return statements is recommended
 
________ data items are only known to the method in which they are declared.
local
 
When you call a method from a program or other method, which of the following is NOT necessary for you to know?
how exactly the method works
 
When a program passes a data item to a method, the data item is a(n) ________ to the method.
When the method receives the data item, it is a(n) ________ to the method.
argument; parameter
 
When a variable passed into a method is ________, a copy of its value is sent to the method and
stored in a new memory location accessible to the method.
passed by value
 
Assume that you have written a method with the header void myMethod(string a,num b).
Which of the following is a correct method call?
myMethod("Good", 14)
 
When the method ends at the return statement, the ________ declared parameter variables cease to exist.
locally
 
When you call a method, the arguments you send to the method must match in
order —________— the parameters listed in the method declaration.
both in number and in type
 
When a method returns a value, the method must have a(n) ________.
return type
 
Assume that you have written a method with the header void myMethod(string a). This method returns ________.
numeric value (maybe)
 
When designing methods, a(n) ________ identifies and categorizes each item needed within the
method as pertaining to input, processing, or output.
IPO chart
 
When you pass an array to a method, it is ________.
passed by reference
 
When you overload a method, you write multiple methods with a ________ but different parameter lists.
shared name
 
All modern programming languages contain built-in, prewritten ________ to save time and effort.
methods
 
To design effective methods, which of the following program qualities should NOT be considered?
you should employ ambiguous methods
 
When writing methods, you should strive to achieve high cohesion and ________.
loose coupling
 
________ occurs when a method calls itself.
recursion
 
When you call a method, the address to which the program should return at the completion of the
method is stored in a memory location called the ________.
stack
 
Each user's machine must have a Python interpreter.
True
 
What is open source program language based on?
The belief that better software is developed if a large group of people can examine and modify the code
 
Why are there strict syntax rules about punctuation, keywords, etc. for high-level program language?
Because it must be translated
 
If compiler cannot understand, it cannot translate to machine language, and therefore, the instructions ________
Cannot be executed
 
Many beginning students believe the bulk of the effort should be devoted to implementation, which is true.
False
 
What is the restating of an algorithm in terms of computer code and ridding the code of all syntax errors?
Implementation
 
What is the overall sequence of steps needed to complete a large-scale software project?
Software Development Life Cycle
 
The first step of the software development life cycle is the feasibility study, which is...
Making all program stakeholders aware of the costs, benefits, and risks of development paths so they can decide which approach to use
 
If the project is feasible, problem specification takes place second, which is...
Developing a concise statement of the exact problem the software is to solve
 
A document for problem specification exists to...
Describe how the program is to behave in all circumstances
 
What is the third step, which revolves around planning how it is to be done?
Program-design phase
 
What is the traditional approach where tasks are broken down from tasks to subtasks until they're small enough to code?
Divide and conquer, or top-down
 
What is object-oriented program approach?
When objects are identified and perform together with their data and subtasks
 
What does the program design document describe?
The breaking of the problem into subtasks
 
What is the fourth step, algorithm selection/development/analysis?
The programmer determining or creating the most suitable and efficient algorithm for the task
 
What is written in the algorithm selection document?
What algorithm was chosen, how it is efficient and most suitable, and rationale for the choice
 
What is the fifth step, coding, which people try to skip to and then get a poorer result?
The process of converting detailed designs into computer code
 
What is the sixth step, which is the process of locating and correct program errors?
Debugging
 
What occurs if a program fails to follow syntax rules, which is ultimately why debugging is necessary?
Error
 
What are errors that occur when the program is run using certain sets of data that result in illegal operation?
Runtime errors
 
Syntax, runtime, and logic errors will receive an error message to help detect the cause.
False
 
What are the most subtle errors that are in the algorithm used to solve the problem, like an incorrect step?
Logic errors
 
What phase should be carefully paid attention to to make debugging easier?
The design phase
 
Why is documentation for debugging useful in the future?
Because the problems found are written and it explains how the code was changed to solve it
 
Testing, verification, and benchmarking, the 7th step, make sure that...
A program is 100% correct and will work on all data
 
What is a testing approach where a special set of test cases is designed and you run the program using it?
Empirical Testing
 
What is a test suite?
The set of test cases
 
Empirical Testing is always feasible.
False
 
What testing takes place on each module as it is completed?
Unit testing
 
What testing is done to see that the modules communicate necessary data and all work together smoothly?
Integration testing
 
What is regression testing?
Testing that exists if anything changes in already tested module, to be sure the change hasn't caused new error to previously correct code
 
Testing occurs simulatenously with the development of code.
True
 
What is the sequential process where one step must be completed before moving to the next, and old steps are never revisited?
Waterfall model
 
Why is the waterfall model not typically used?
It is not a flexible approach
 
What is the agile software development?
An approach that recognizes that there are bound to be changes
 
What is the second testing method that uses mathematical logical to determine if a program is correct?
Program verification
 
What is running the program on many data sets to be sure its performance falls within required limits?
Benchmarking
 
What does completion of testing and benchmarking signify?
A program should be correct, efficient, and ready for delivery
 
What is the 8th step, which is comprised of the written and online material that makes a program understandable?
Documentation
 
Both internal and external documentation exist.
True
 
Documentation is not involved in every step.
False
 
What kind of documentation enables programs who must later modify the program to understand the code?
Technical
 
What kind of documentation helps people run the program, like an online tutorial?
User documentation
 
What is the last (9th) step, maintenance?
Adapting and improving existing software product to meet changing needs
 
Successful programs are only used for a short period of time.
False
 
This algorithm makes several passes through an array and causes the larger values to gradually move
toward the end of the array with each pass.
Bubble sort
 
In this algorithm, the smallest value in the array is located and moved to element 0.
Selection Sort
 
This algorithm begins by sorting the first two elements of the array, which become a sorted subset.
Insertion sort
 
This search algorithm steps sequentially through an array, comparing each item with the search value.
Sequential search
 
This search algorithm repeatedly divides the portion of an array being searched in half.
Binary search
 
This search algorithm is adequate for small arrays but not large arrays.
Sequential search
 
This search algorithm requires that the array's content be sorted.
Binary search