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CPU stands for
 
Central Processing Unit
   
Parts of a CPU
 
Control Unit and Arithmetic/Logic Unit
   
Propose of Internal Clock
 
Synchronize internal operations via controlled electrical Impulses
   
Unit of Measurement for Clock Speed
 
Hz (or GHz)
   
Purpose of CPU
 
Retrieves Memory and Executes
   
Purpose of Core
 
Preforms Reading and Executing of Instructions
   
Encoding Scheme
 
How computers translates characters into data the computer can work with
   
Why is RAM random?
 
The data in the Unique address can be accessed in any order.
   
Physical Differences between RAM and CPU
 
RAM is less complicated, slower and cheaper
   
Types of Storage Devises
 
Magnetic Disk Drives, CDs and DVDs, USB flash drives
   
CD-R
 
Read-only permanent storage
   
CD-RW
 
CDs that may be over-written
   
Memory on a CD
 
700 MB
   
Memory on a DVD
 
4.7 GB
   
Two kinds of DVDs
 
DVD-R and DVD-RW
   
Memory of USB
 
256 GB
   
USB Stands for...
 
Universal Serial Bus
   
Dot Pitch
 
Amount of Space between Pixels (mm)
   
DSL stands for...
 
Digital Subscriber Line
   
Propose of Digital Subscriber Line
 
Internet Cable from Cable Company
   
NIC stands for
 
Network Interface Card
   
Porpose of Network Interface Card
 
Connects to LAN
   
Machine Language
 
Built in Instructions, Binary Code
   
Assembly Language
 
Simple, yet hard to read and write computer language. In-between Binary and Computer Languages.
   
Propose of Assembler
 
Translates Assembly Language to Machine Language
   
High-Level Languages
 
"Platform Independent" may be run on different machines
   
Interpreter
 
Reads and translates Source Code, Executes right away. One statement may include several machine instructions.
   
Compiler
 
Entire Source code to machine code and machine code is executed
   
What assigns CPU space, memory and CPU time etc. for applications?
 
Operating System
   
Multithreading
 
Single program may have several simultaneous tasks (i.e. saving and editing at the same time)
   
Multiprogramming
 
Multiple Programs simultaneously
   
Multiprocessing/Parallel Processing
 
2+ Processors together for subtasks
   
Java Language Specification
 
Rules so that computers may understand the source code submitted by the programmer
   
API stands for...
 
Application Program Interface
   
Application Program Interface is...
 
A library of classes for programmers in Java. Still Expanding today.
   
3 Editions of Java
 
Java Standard Edition, Java Enterprise Edition and Java Micro Edition
   
Java Standard Edition is...
 
Client-side websites, may run by themselves or in a web browser
   
Java Enterprise Edition is..
 
Server side Applications
   
Java Micro Edition is...
 
Mobile Devices
   
JDK stands for...
 
Java Development Toolkit
   
Java Development Toolkit is for...
 
Writing java programs
   
IDE stands for...
 
Integrated Development Environment
   
Integrated Development Environment is...
 
Developing quickly. Includes Debugging and other useful applications
   
Console means...
 
User input
   
Main method in Java is...
 
Entry point of a java program
   
{} in Java
 
To outline a complete statement
   
[] in Java
 
To outline and array
   
() in Java
 
Used with Methods
   
"" in Java
 
Enclose a sting
   
Syntax Rules
 
Rules for proper syntax so the Computer can run the program
   
Bytecode
 
Similar to Machine Code, can run on anything with JVM
   
Programming Style
 
It may be readable by a computer, but what about another programmer?
   
Syntax Errors
 
Detectable by the compiler, easy to fix
   
Runtime Errors
 
Program crashes, task impossible to carry out
   
Logic Errors
 
Program runs but not as inteded
   
Common Errors
 
Errors common for noobs. Careless errors
   
What is a communication device in terms of computers?
 
Hardware that allows the computer to communicate with other computers.
   
Applet
Application that runs in-browser
 
Remainder
20 % 3 means remainder of 20/3 will have a remainder of 2
 
logical AND
a && b
 
logical or
a || b
 
logical XOR
a ^ b both same than same than true, different than false
 
Floating point number
real number with decimal
 
Specific Import
Specifies single class in import statement
 
Wildcard Import
Imports all classes in a package java.util
 
Is there a performance difference between specific and wildcard import?
No.
 
Identifier
Names that identify elements such as classes, methods, and variables
 
An identifier may consist of...
letters, digits, underscores and dollar signs
 
An identifier may not start with a...
digit
 
benefits to constants
1. Don't have to constantly define something.
2. Only has to be changed once
3. Descriptive name make program easy to read
 
Use all lower case for
variables and methods
 
Use first letter uppercase in
Classes
 
All caps for
constants
 
Byte
-2⁷ to 2^7 (-128 to 127)
Storage: 8-bit signed
 
Short
-215 to 215 (-32768 to 32767)
Storage: 16-bit signed
 
Int
-231 to 231 - 1 (-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647)
Storage: 32-bit signed
 
Long
-263 to 263 - 1 64-bit signed
(i.e., -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807)
Storage: 64-bit signed
 
Float
Negative range: -3.4028235E + 38 to -1.4E - 45
Positive range: 1.4E - 45 to 3.4028235E + 38
Storage: 32-bit IEEE 754
 
Double
Negative range: -1.7976931348623157E + 308 to
-4.9E - 324
Positive range: 4.9E - 324 to 1.7976931348623157E + 308
Storage: 64-bit IEEE 754
 
Casting
converts a value of one data type into a value of another data type
 
Casting a type
with a small range to a type with a larger range is known as...
widening a type
 
Casting a type with
a large range to a type with a smaller range is known as...
narrowing a type
 
Software Development Process
1. Requirements Specification
2. System Analysis
3. System Design
4. Implementation
5. Testing
6. Deployment
7. Maintenance
 
What is the purpose of a compiler?
Turns .java files to .class and executables.
 
 
Computer hardware and software accomplish three major operations input, process, and __________________ .
Output
 
Mistakes in a language's usage are _________________ errors.
Syntax
 
How many phases are there in the Program Development Cycle?
7
 
_____________________ is the process of finding and correcting program errors.
Debugging
 
A ___________________ is a named memory location.
Variable
 
A ________________ data type is anything not used in math.
String
 
A(n) ___________________ is a variable's name.
identifier
 
payRate would be an example of using the _________________ casing naming convention.
Camel
 
The _____________ symbol is used for multiplication in programming.
*
 
________ consists of specific words and symbols to express a problem solution.
A programming language
 
Java is ________.
an object-oriented language
 
In Java, an identifier that is made up by the programmer can consist of ________.
numbers, letters, the underscore ( _ ), and the dollar sign ( $ )
 
In order for a program to run on a computer, it must be expressed in ________.
a machine language
 
A syntax error is ________.
a compile-time error
 
Which of the following is not one of the four basic software development activities?
preliminary practice coding
 
Software requirements specify ________.
what a program should accomplish
 
The ________ of an object define its potential behavior
methods
 
Which of the following is considered a logical error?
multiplying two numbers when you meant to add them
 
Which of the following lines is a properly formatted comment?
/*this is a comment */
// This is a comment
 
The Java compiler translates Java source code into ________.
Java bytecode
 
Classes can be created from other classes by using ________.
 inheritance
 
Which of the following is not a valid Java identifier?
2ndlevel
 
Which of the following might be included in an IDE?
an editor
a compiler
a debugger
all of the above
 
What are the two types of software?
System and Application
 
What does the compiler do?
Converts programming language to symbolic language to machine language (binary).
 
True or False: Binary and machine language are two different things.
False
 
Machine language (binary) is the only language understood by computer hardware.
True
 
Symbolic language converts ??? to machine language (binary)?
Programming language
 
What does SDLC stand for?
System Development Life Cycle
 
What is the first item in the waterfall model?
System Requirements
 
What is the second item in the waterfall model?
Analysis
 
What is the third item in the waterfall model?
Design
 
What is the fourth item in the waterfall model?
Code
 
Which of the following describes the act of ensuring that a program solves the intended problem in all cases?
Testing
 
a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task
program
 
the physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as
hardware
 
the part of a computer that runs programs
the CPU
 
today, CPUs are small chips known as
microprocessors
 
What is the fifth item in the waterfall model?
System Test
 
What is the sixth step in the waterfall model?
Maintenance
 
True or False: The waterfall method can go down but can't go back up.
False
 
C is a structured programming language (high level).
True
 
Structure of a C Program
Preprocessor Directives (imports)
Global Declarations
Main method
Other functions as required
 
Information given to program/entered by user.
Input
 
where the computer stores a program while the program is running as well as the data that the program is working with
main memory
 
a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running
secondary memory
 
a type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time
secondary storage
 
a component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer (ex: keyboard, camera)
input device
 
a video display (ex: monitor, printer, speakers)
output device
 
enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number
byte
 
a byte is made up of eight ________
bits
 
in a ________ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s
binary
 
a hit that is turned off represents this value
0
 
Feedback (messages) displayed by the machine.
Output
 
True or False: C is not a case sensitive language.
False
 
locations in memory -> one piece of information
Variables
 
A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters
ASCII
 
An extensive encoding scheme that can represent that characters of many of the languages of the world
unicode
 
negative numbers are encoded using the ________ technique
two's complement
 
real numbers are encoded using the ________ technique
floating-point
 
the tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of
pixels
 
if you were to look at a machine language program, you would see ________
a stream of binary numbers
 
the CPU determines which operation it should perform in the ________ part of the fetch-decode cycle
decode
 
computers can only execute programs that are written in ________
machine language
 
translates an assembly language program to a machine language program
assembler
 
the words that make up a high-level programming language
keywords
 
the rules that must be followed when writing a program
syntax
 
translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program
compiler
 
Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, Web browsers, and games are all examples of utility programs.
False
 
What does not permanently store info?
volatile
 
What is the number of bits in a byte?
8 bits
 
What is the number of bits in a nibble?
4 bits
 
low-level program
assembly
 
middle-level program
C
 
C++, JavaScript, Python
high-level programs
 
object-oriented programming
base templates; scalability
 
0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128
value of each term (right to left) in binary
 
This tells program which type of data you're using.
data type
 
string, integer, double, float, long, short, char
list of data types