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Office Accounting: Final Exam 1
General Test Questions & Answers



Owners' equity can be expressed as assets minus liabilities.
 
True
 

 
Debits increase asset accounts and decrease liability accounts.
 
True
 

 
Balance sheet accounts are referred to as temporary accounts because their balances are always changing.
 
False
 

 
After an unadjusted trial balance is prepared, the next step in the accounting processing cycle is the preparation of financial statements.
 
False
 

 
Adjusting journal entries are recorded at the end of any period when financial statements are prepared.
 
True
 

 
Accruals occur when the cash flow precedes either revenue or expense recognition.
 
False
 

 
The adjusted trial balance contains only permanent accounts.
 
False
 

 
The income statement summarizes the operating activity of a company at a particular point in time.
 
False
 

 
The balance sheet can be considered a change or flow statement.
 
False


 
The statement of cash flows summarizes transactions that caused cash to change during a reporting period.
 
True
 

 
The statement of shareholders' equity discloses the changes in the temporary shareholders' equity accounts.
 
False
 

 
The post-closing trial balance contains only permanent accounts.
 
True
 

 
The closing process brings all temporary accounts to a zero balance and updates the balance in the retained earnings account.
 
True
 

 
A reversing entry at the beginning of a period for salaries would include a debit to salaries expense.
 
False
 

 
The sale of merchandise on account would be recorded in a sales journal.
 
True
 

 
The payment of cash to a supplier would be recorded in a purchases journal.
 
False
 

 
The accounting equation can be stated as:
 
A) A + L − OE = 0.
B) A − L + OE = 0.
C) −A + L − OE = 0.
D) A − L − OE = 0.
 

 
Examples of external transactions include all of the following except:
 
A) Paying employee salaries.
B) Purchasing equipment.
C) Depreciating equipment.
D) Collecting a receivable.
 

 
Examples of internal transactions include all of the following except:
 
A) Writing off an uncollectible account.
B) Recording the expiration of prepaid insurance.
C) Recording unpaid salaries.
D) Paying salaries to company employees.
 

 
XYZ Corporation receives $100,000 from investors for issuing them shares of its stock. XYZ's journal entry to record this transaction would include a:
 
A) Debit to investments.
B) Credit to retained earnings.
C) Credit to common stock.
D) Credit to revenue.
 

 
Incurring an expense for advertising on account would be recorded by:
 
A) Debiting liabilities.
B) Crediting assets.
C) Debiting an expense.
D) Debiting assets.
 

 
A sale on account would be recorded by:
 
A) Debiting revenue.
B) Crediting assets.
C) Crediting liabilities.
D) Debiting assets.
 

 
The entry to record a sale on account would include:
 
                                                                                                                        Debit             Credit
Cash No No
Accounts receivable Yes No
 

 
Super Corporation receives $4,000,000 from investors when issuing them shares of its stock.
Super's entry to record this transaction would include which of the following?
 
                                                                                                                        Debit             Credit
Cash Yes No
Common stock No Yes
 

 
Mary Parker Co. invested $15,000 in ABC Corporation and received common stock in exchange.
Mary Parker Co.'s journal entry to record this transaction would include a:
 
A) Debit to investments.
B) Credit to retained earnings.
C) Credit to common stock.
D) Debit to expense
 

 
Hughes Aircraft sold a four-passenger airplane for $980,000, receiving a a 12% note receivable.
The journal entry to record this sale would include a:
A) Credit to cash.
B) Credit to interest revenue.
C) Debit to notes receivable.
D) Credit to notes receivable.
 

 
Financial accounting is the process of identifying, measuring, analyzing, and communicating financial information needed by management to plan, evaluate, and control a company’s operations.
 
False
 
Financial statements are the principal means through which a company communicates its financial information to those outside it.
 
True
 
Users of financial reports provided by a company use that information to make their capital allocation decisions.
 
True
 
An effective process of capital allocation promotes productivity and provides an efficient market for buying and selling securities and obtaining and granting credit.
 
True
 
The objective of financial reporting is to provide financial information about the reporting entity that is useful to present and potential equity investors, but not to users who are not investors.
 
False
 
Investors are interested in financial reporting because it provides information that is useful for making decisions (decision-usefulness approach).
 
True
 
Users of financial accounting statements have both coinciding and conflicting needs for information of various types.
 
True
 
The Securities and Exchange Commission appointed the Committee on Accounting Procedure.
 
False
 
The passage of a new FASB Standards Statement requires the support of five of the seven board members.
 
False
 
Financial Accounting Concepts set forth fundamental objectives and concepts that are used in developing future standards of financial accounting and reporting.
True
 
The AICPA created the Accounting Principles Board in 1959.
 
True
 
The FASB’s Codification integrates existing GAAP, and creates new GAAP.
 
False
 
The AICPA’s Code of Professional Conduct requires that members prepare financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
 
True
 
GAAP is a product of careful logic or empirical findings and are not influenced by political action.
 
False
 
The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board has oversight and enforcement authority and establishes auditing and independence standards and rules.
 
True
 
The expectations gap is caused by what the public thinks accountants should do and what accountants think they can do.
 
True
 
Financial reports in the early 21st century did not provide any information about a company’s soft assets (intangibles).
 
False
 
Accounting standards are now less likely to require the recording or disclosure of fair value information.
 
False
 
U. S.  companies that list overseas are required to use International Financial Reporting Standards, issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
 
False
 
Ethical issues in financial accounting are governed by the AICPA.
 
False
 
General-purpose financial statements are the product of
a. financial accounting.
b. managerial accounting.
c. both financial and managerial accounting.
d. neither financial nor managerial accounting.
 
Users of financial reports include all of the following except
a. creditors.
b. government agencies.
c. unions.
d. All of these are users.
 
The financial statements most frequently provided include all of the following except the
a. balance sheet.
b. income statement.
c. statement of cash flows.
d. statement of retained earnings.
 
The information provided by financial reporting pertains to
a. individual business enterprises, rather than to industries or an economy as a whole or to members of society as consumers.
b. business industries, rather than to individual enterprises or an economy as a whole or to members of society as consumers.
c. individual business enterprises, industries, and an economy as a whole, rather than to members of society as consumers.
d. an economy as a whole and to members of society as consumers, rather than to individual enterprises or industries.
 
All the following are differences between financial and managerial accounting in how accounting information is used except to
a. plan and control company's operations.
b. decide whether to invest in the company.
c. evaluate borrowing capacity to determine the extent of a loan to grant.
d. All the above.
 
 
Which of the following represents a form of communication through financial reporting but not through financial statements?
a. Balance sheet.
b. President's letter.
c. Income statement.
d. Notes to financial statements.
 
The process of identifying, measuring, analyzing, and communicating financial information needed by management to plan,
evaluate, and control an organization’s operations is called
a. financial accounting.
b. managerial accounting.
c. tax accounting.
d. auditing.
 
How does accounting help the capital allocation process attract investment capital?
a. Provides timely, relevant information.
b. Encourages innovation.
c. Promotes productivity.
d. a and b above.
 
 
Whether a business is successful and thrives is determined by
a. markets.
b. free enterprise.
c. competition.
d. all of these.
 
 
An effective capital allocation process
a. promotes productivity.
b. encourages innovation.
c. provides an efficient market for buying and selling securities.
d. all of these.
 
Financial statements in the early 2000s provide information related to
a. nonfinancial measurements.
b. forward-looking data.
c. hard assets (inventory and plant assets).
d. none of these.
 
Which of the following is not a major challenge facing the accounting profession?
a. Nonfinancial measurements.
b. Timeliness.
c. Accounting for hard assets.
d. Forward-looking information.
 
What is the objective of financial reporting?
a. Provide information that is useful to management in making decisions.
b. Provide information that clearly portray nonfinancial transactions.
c. Provide information about the reporting entity that is useful to present and potential equity investors, lenders, and other creditors.
d. Provide information that excludes claims to the resources.
 
Primary users for general-purpose financial statements include
a. creditors.
b. employees.
c. investors.
d. both creditors and investors.
 
When making decisions, investors are interested in assessing
a. the company’s ability to generate net cash inflows.
b. management’s ability to protect and enhance the capital providers’ investments.
c. Both a and b.
d. the company’s ability to generate net income.
 
 

 
Boing Aircraft sold a four-passenger airplane for $2,800,000, receiving a $500,000 down payment and a 7% note for the balance.
The entry to record this sale would include which of the following?
                                                                                                                        Debit             Credit
Cash Yes No
Notes receivable Yes No
 
Explanation:
Cash 500,000  
Notes receivable 2,300,000  
      Sales revenue   2,800,000
 

 
Somerset Leasing received $12,000 for 12 months' rent in advance.
How should Somerset record this transaction?
 
                                                                        Debit                    Credit
Cash 12,000  
     Deferred rent revenue   12,000
     Salaries payable   12,000

 
Davis Hardware Company uses a perpetual inventory system.
How should Davis record the sale of merchandise, costing $620, and sold on account for $960?
 
Debit          Credit
Accounts receivable 960  
     Sales revenue   960
Cost of goods sold 620  
     Inventory   620
     Gain on sale   340
 

 
Ace Bonding Company purchased merchandise inventory on account.
The inventory costs $2,000 and is expected to sell for $3,000. How should Ace record the purchase?
 
Inventory 2,000  
     Accounts payable   2,000
 

 
Which of the following accounts has a balance whereby debits normally exceed credits?
 
A) Accounts payable.
B) Accrued salaries.
C) Accumulated depreciation.
D) Advertising expense.
 

 
An example of a contra account is:
 
A) Depreciation expense.
B) Accounts receivable.
C) Sales revenue.
D) Accumulated depreciation.
 

 
Making insurance payments in advance is an example of:
 
A) An accrued receivable transaction.
B) An accrued liability transaction.
C) A deferred revenue transaction.
D) A prepaid expense transaction.
 

 
Recording revenue before it is collected is an example of:
 
A) A prepaid expense transaction.
B) A deferred revenue transaction.
C) An accrued liability transaction.
D) An accrued receivable transaction.
 

 
When a magazine company collects cash for selling a subscription, it is an example of:
 
A) An accrued liability transaction.
B) An accrued receivable transaction.
C) A prepaid expense transaction.
D) A deferred revenue transaction.
 

 
On December 31, 2020, Coolwear, Inc. had a balance in its prepaid insurance account of $48,400.
During 2021, $86,000 was paid for insurance. At the end of 2021, after adjusting entries were recorded,
the balance in the prepaid insurance account was 42,000. Insurance expense for 2021 was:
 
A) $6,400.
B) $134,400.
C) $86,000.
D) $92,400.
 

 
Adjusting entries are needed primarily for:
 
A) Cash basis accounting.
B) Accrual accounting.
C) Current value accounting.
D) Manual accounting systems.
 

 
Prepayments occur when:
 
A) Cash flow precedes expense recognition.
B) Sales are delayed pending credit approval.
C) Customers are unable to pay the full amount due when goods are delivered.
D) Manufactured goods await quality control inspections.
 

 
Accruals occur when cash flows:
 
A) Occur before expense recognition.
B) Occur after revenue or expense recognition.
C) Are uncertain.
D) May be substituted for goods or services.
 

 
On December 31, 2021, the end of Larry's Used Cars' first year of operations, the accounts receivable was $53,600.
The company estimates that $1,200 of the year-end receivables will not be collected.
Accounts receivable in the 2021 balance sheet will be valued at:
 
A) $53,600.
B) $54,800.
C) $52,400.
D) $1,200.
 

 
 
Cal Farms reported supplies expense of $2,000,000 this year.
The supplies account decreased by $200,000 during the year to an ending balance of $400,000.
What was the cost of supplies the Cal Farms purchased during the year?
 
A) $1,600,000.
B) $1,800,000.
C) $2,200,000.
D) $2,400,000.
 
Explanation: 
Supplies
Bal. 600,000    
  ? 2,000,000  
Bal. 400,000    
 
Supplies purchases: $400,000 + $2,000,000 − $600,000 = $1,800,000
 

 
Which of the following is not an adjusting entry?
 
Cash
      Deferred sales revenue
      Salaries payable
 

 
The adjusting entry required when amounts previously recorded as deferred revenues are recognized includes:
 
A) A debit to a liability.
B) A debit to an asset.
C) A credit to a liability.
D) A credit to an asset.
 

 
Which of the following accounts has a balance whereby credits normally exceed debits?
 
A) Salaries expense.
B) Interest payable.
C) Land.
D) Prepaid rent.
 

 
When a tenant makes an end-of-period adjusting entry credit to the "Prepaid rent" account:
 
A) (S)he usually debits cash.
B) (S)he usually debits an expense account.
C) (S)he debits a liability account.
D) (S)he credits an owners' equity account.
 

 
 
When a business makes an end-of-period adjusting entry with a debit to supplies expense, the usual credit entry is made to:
 
A) Accounts payable.
B) Supplies.
C) Cash.
D) Retained earnings.
 

 
The adjusting entry required to record accrued expenses includes:
A) A credit to cash.
B) A debit to an asset.
C) A credit to an asset.
D) A credit to liability.
 

 
Carolina Mills purchased $270,000 in supplies this year.
The supplies account increased by $10,000 during the year to an ending balance of $66,000.
What was supplies expense for Carolina Mills during the year?
 
A) $300,000.
B) $280,000.
C) $260,000.
D) $240,000.
 
Explanation: 
    Supplies
Bal. 56,000    
  270,000  ?  
Bal. 66,000    
 

 
Yummy Foods purchased a two-year fire and extended coverage insurance policy on August 1, 2021,
and charged the $4,200 premium to Insurance expense. At its December 31, 2021, year-end,
Yummy Foods would record which of the following adjusting entries?
 
Prepaid insurance 3,325  
      Insurance expense   3,325
 
Explanation: 
Entry on 8/1: Insurance expense 4,200  
        Cash   4,200
 
Unexpired at 12/31: $4,200 × 19/24 = $3,325
 

 
Tummy Foods purchased a two-year fire and extended coverage insurance policy on August 1, 2021,
and charged the $4,200 premium to Prepaid insurance. At its December 31, 2021, year-end,
Tummy Foods would record which of the following adjusting entries?
 
Insurance expense 875  
      Prepaid insurance   875
 
Explanation: 
Entry on 8/1: Prepaid insurance 4,200  
        Cash   4,200
 
Expired at 12/31: $4,200 × 5/24 = $875
 

 
ILP Services purchased a three-year fire insurance policy on September 1, 2021,
and charged the $72,000 premium to Prepaid insurance. At its December 31, 2021, year-end,
ILP Services would record an adjusting entry that includes which of the following?
 
                                                                                                                        Debit             Credit
Insurance expense Yes No
Prepaid insurance No Yes
 
Explanation: 
Expired at 12/31: $72,000 × 4/36 = $8,000
 
Adjusting entry on 12/31: Insurance expense 8,000  
        Prepaid insurance   8,000
 

 
The employees of Persoff Publications work Monday through Friday.
Every other Friday the company issues payroll checks totaling $640,000.
The current pay period ends on Friday, July 3.
Persoff Publications is now preparing financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 30.
What is the adjusting entry to record accrued salaries at the end of June?
 
                                                                                                                        Debit             Credit
Salaries expense Yes No
Salaries payable No Yes
 
Explanation:  Amount accrued: $640,000 × 7/10 (7 days of 10 days to be paid) = $448,000
Adjusting entry on 6/30: Salaries expense 448,000  
        Salaries payable   448,000
 

 
The employees of Neat Clothes work Monday through Friday.
Every other Friday the company issues payroll checks totaling $32,000. The current pay period ends on Friday, July 3.
Neat Clothes is now preparing quarterly financial statements for the three months ended June 30.
What is the adjusting entry to record accrued salaries at the end of June?
 
 
Salaries expense 22,400  
      Salaries payable   22,400
 
Explanation:  Amount accrued: $32,000 × 7/10 (7 days of 10 days to be paid) = $22,400
 

 
On September 1, 2021, Fortune Magazine sold 600 one-year subscriptions for $81 each.
The total amount received was credited to Deferred subscription revenue.
What is the required adjusting entry at December 31, 2021?
 
Deferred subscription revenue 16,200  
      Subscription revenue   16,200
 
Explanation:
 
Entry on 9/1: Cash 48,600  
        Deferred subscription revenue   48,600
 
Amount recorded as revenue: $48,600 × 4/12 (4 months expired) = $16,200
 

 
Mama's Pizza Shoppe borrowed $8,000 at 9% interest on May 1, 2021, with principal and interest due on October 31, 2022.
The company's fiscal year ends June 30, 2021. What adjusting entry is necessary on June 30, 2021?
 
Interest expense 120  
      Interest payable   120
 
Explanation:  Accrued interest expense: $8,000 × 9% × 2/12 = $120
 
Salaries have been recognized but are unpaid at the end of an accounting period.
 
Answer: 
TRANSACTION Account(s) debited Account(s) credited Transaction type
Accrued salaries remaining unpaid at the end of an accounting period. 6270 2150 2
 
Closed the dividends account.
 
Answer: 
TRANSACTION Account(s) debited Account(s) credited Transaction type
Closed Dividends account, assuming there was a net income for the period. 3200 6999 3
 
Accrued property taxes were paid.
 
Answer: 
TRANSACTION Account(s) debited Account(s) credited Transaction type
Accrued property taxes were paid. 2170 1100 1
 
Declared cash dividends on common stock that will be paid in the next month.
 
Answer: 
TRANSACTION Account(s) debited Account(s) credited Transaction type
Declared cash dividends on common stock that will be paid in the next month. 6999 2160 1
 
Paid rent for the next three months.
 
Answer: 
TRANSACTION Account(s) debited Account(s) credited Transaction type
Paid rent for the next three months. 1260 1100 1
 

 
Rite Shoes was involved in the transactions described below.
 
Required:
 
Prepare the appropriate journal entry for each transaction. If an entry is not required, state "No Entry."
 
1. Purchased $8,200 of inventory on account.
2. Paid weekly salaries, $920.
3. Recorded sales for the first week: Cash: $7,100; On account: $5,300.
4. Paid for inventory purchased in event (1).
5. Placed an order for $6,200 of inventory.
 
Answer: 
1.    Inventory                                                         8,200
                Accounts payable                                                                   8,200
 
2.    Salaries expense                                               920
                Cash                                                                                                 920
 
3.    Cash                                                                   7,100
        Accounts receivable                                    5,300
                Sales revenue                                                                        12,400
 
4.    Accounts payable                                         8,200
                Cash                                                                                             8,200
 
5.    No Entry.
 

 
Prepare journal entries to record the following transactions of Daisy King Ice Cream Company.
If an entry is not required, state "No Entry."
 
1. Started business by issuing 10,000 shares of common stock for $20,000.
2. Leased a building for three years at $500 per month and paid six months' rent in advance.
3. Purchased equipment for $5,400, signing a two-year, 10% note.
4. Purchased $1,800 of supplies on account.
5. Recorded cash sales of $800 for the first week.
6. Paid weekly salaries, $320.
7. Paid for supplies purchased in item (5).
8. Recorded depreciation on equipment, $50.
Answer: 
1.    Cash                                                                         20,000                          
                Common stock                                                                            20,000
 
2.    Prepaid rent                                                            3,000                          
                Cash                                                                                                   3,000
 
3.    Equipment                                                               5,400                         
                Notes payable                                                                                5,400
 
4.    Supplies inventory                                                1,800                         
                Accounts payable                                                                         1,800
 
5.    Cash                                                                               800                         
                Sales revenue                                                                                     800
 
6.    Salaries expense                                                       320                          
                Cash                                                                                                       320
 
7.    Accounts payable                                                  1,800                        
                Cash                                                                                                   1,800
 
8.    Depreciation expense                                               50                         
                Accumulated depreciation                                                              50
 

 
Flint Hills, Inc. has prepared a year-end 2021 trial balance. Certain accounts in the trial balance do not reflect all activities that have occurred.
 
Required:
Prepare adjusting journal entries, as needed, for the following items.
1. The Supplies account shows a balance of $540, but a count of supplies reveals only $210 on hand.
 
2. Flint Hills initially records the payments of all insurance premiums as expenses.
The trial balance shows a balance of $420 in Insurance expense. A review of insurance policies reveals that $125 of insurance is unexpired.
 
3. Flint Hills employees work Monday through Friday, and salaries of $2,400 per week are paid each Friday. Flint Hills' year-end falls on Tuesday.
 
4. On December 31, 2021, Flint Hills received a utility bill for December electricity usage of $190 that will be paid in early January of 2022.
 
Answer: 
1.    Supplies expense                                               330
                Supplies                                                                                        330
 
2.    Prepaid insurance                                              125
                Insurance expense                                                                   125
 
3.    Salaries expense                                                960
                Salaries payable                                                                        960
 
4.    Utilities expense                                                190
                Utilities payable                                                                        190
 

 
The following is selected financial information for D. Kay Dental Laboratories for 2020 and 2021:
                                                                                                      2020                       2021
Retained earnings, January 1                                       $53,000                              ?
Net income                                                                           37,000                   42,000
Dividends declared and paid                                          15,000                   18,000
Common stock                                                                     70,000                              ?
 
Kay issued 2,000 shares of additional common stock in 2021 for $20,000. There were no other shareholder transactions.
 
Required:
 
Prepare a statement of shareholders' equity for D. Kay Dental Laboratories for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Answer: 
D. Kay Dental Laboratories
Statement of Shareholders' Equity
For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
 
                                                                                                                                                                 Total
                                                                               Common                   Retained                 Shareholders'
                                                                                   Stock                       Earnings                          Equity
Balance, January 1, 2021                              $70,000                        $75,000*                    $145,000
Issue of common stock                                    20,000                           20,000
Net income for 2021                                         42,000                           42,000
Less: Dividends                                                _______                      – 18,000                        – 18,000
Balance, December 31, 2021                     $ 90,000                      $ 99,000                       $189,000
 
* Beginning balance, Retained Earnings = Ending balance at December 31, 2020:
 
$53,000 + $37,000 − $15,000 = $75,000
 

 
The Yankel Corporation's controller prepares adjusting entries only at the end of the fiscal year.
The following adjusting entries were prepared on December 31, 2021:
 
                                                                     Debit                    Credit
Interest expense                                    1,800
        Interest payable                                                             1,800
 
Insurance expense                              60,000
        Prepaid insurance                                                        60,000
 
Interest receivable                                3,000
        Interest revenue                                                             3,000
 
Additional information:
 
1. The company borrowed $30,000 on June 30, 2021. Principal and interest are due on June 30, 2022. This note is the company's only interest-bearing debt.
2. Insurance for the year on the company's office buildings is $90,000. The insurance is paid in advance.
3. On August 31, 2021, Yankel lent money to a customer. The customer signed a note with principal and interest at 9% due in one year.
 
Required: Determine the following:
 
1. What is the interest rate on the company's note payable?
2. The 2021 insurance payment was made at the beginning of which month?
3. How much did Yankel lend its customer on August 31?
Answer: 
1. $1,800 represents six months of interest on a $30,000 note, or 50% of annual interest.
$1,800 ÷ .50 = $3,600 in annual interest
$3,600 ÷ $30,000 = 12% interest rate
 
Or,
Principal × Rate × Time = Interest
$30,000 × Rate × 6/12 = $1,800
$1,800 ÷ $30,000 = .06 six-month rate
To annualize the nine month rate: .06 × 12/6 =.12 or 12%
 
2. $90,000 ÷ 12 months = $7,500 per month in insurance
$60,000 ÷ $7,500 = 8 months expired. The insurance was paid on May 1, eight months ago.
 
3. Principal × Rate × Time = Interest
Principal × 9% × (4/12) = $3,000
Principal × 3% = $3,000
Principal = $100,000
 
Or
 
$3,000 represents four months (September through December) in accrued interest, or $750 per month.
$750 × 12 months = $9,000 in annual interest
Principal × 9% = $9,000
Principal = $9,000 ÷ .09 = $100,000 note
 

 
Use this information to answer the following questions:
 
Reference: Ch02-Ref03
Suppose that Laramie Company's adjusted trial balance ignored the following information.
For each item of information, indicate what effects, if any, these omissions would have on the stated components of
Laramie Company's 2021 Income Statement and 12/31/2021 Balance Sheet. Assume no income taxes.
 
Use the following code for your answers and be sure to include the dollar amounts of the effects next to the letter O or U:
 
N = No Effect
O = Overstated
U = Understated
 
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
$2,000 interest on a loan was not yet paid or recorded        
 
Answer: 
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
$2,000 interest on a loan was not yet paid or recorded N U2,000 O2,000 O2,000
 
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
The estimated uncollectible accounts receivable is now zero and should be $25,000.        
 
Answer: 
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
The estimated uncollectible accounts receivable is now zero and should be $25,000. O25,000 N O25,000 O25,000
 
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
$10,000 of the paid and recorded rent expense pertains to the year 2022.        
 
Answer: 
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
$10,000 of the paid and recorded rent expense pertains to the year 2022. U10,000 N U10,000 U10,000
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
$20,000 in depreciation on some equipment was still unrecorded.        
 
Answer: 
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
$20,000 in depreciation on some equipment was still unrecorded. O20,000 N O20,000 O20,000
 
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
$4,000 in cash dividends declared and paid in December 2021 were unrecorded.        
 
Answer: 
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
$4,000 in cash dividends declared and paid in December 2021 were unrecorded. O4,000 N O4,000 N
 

 
Use this information to answer the following questions:
 
Reference: Ch02-Ref04
You are reviewing O'Brian Co.'s adjusted trial balance for the year ended 12/31/2021.
You notice several omissions and incorrect items during your review, some of which are noted below.
For each one, you are to determine what effect, if any, these items would have on the stated components of O'Brian Co.'s
2021 Income Statement and 12/31/2021 Balance Sheet if they are not corrected or updated. Assume no income taxes.
 
Use the following code for your answers. Don’t include dollar amounts.
N = No Effect
O = Overstated
U = Understated
 
126)
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
Uncollectible accounts of $7,000, as a percentage of sales, are estimated at the end of the year. The entry has not been recorded.        
 
Answer: 
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
Uncollectible accounts of $7,000, as a percentage of sales, are estimated at the end of the year. The entry has not been recorded. O N O O
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
The journal entry for depreciation on equipment for 2021 was recorded for $48,000. The amount should have been $66,000.        
 
Answer: 
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
The journal entry for depreciation on equipment for 2021 was recorded for $48,000. The amount should have been $66,000. O N O O
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
Cash dividends declared and paid on December 15, 2021, were not recorded.        
 
Answer: 
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
Cash dividends declared and paid on December 15, 2021, were not recorded. O N O N
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
$10,000 of the rent revenue collected and recorded as revenue this year pertains to 2022.        
 
Answer: 
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
$10,000 of the rent revenue collected and recorded as revenue this year pertains to 2022. N U O O
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
Interest recognized during the year on a note receivable was not yet collected or recorded.        
 
Answer: 
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
Interest recognized during the year on a note receivable was not yet collected or recorded. U N U U
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
Supplies purchased during the year for $1,000 cash were recorded by a debit to Supplies Expense and a credit to Cash. Only $200 of supplies remain at the end of the year, but no further entries have been recorded.        
 
 
Additional Information 12/31/2021 Assets 12/31/2021
Liabilities
12/31/2021
Owners' Equity
2021
Net Income
Supplies purchased during the year for $1,000 cash were recorded by a debit to Supplies Expense and a credit to Cash. Only $200 of supplies remain at the end of the year, but no further entries have been recorded. U N U U
 

Use this information to answer the following questions:
 
Reference: Ch02-Ref05
The adjusted trial balance for China Tea Company at December 31, 2021, is presented below:
 
  Debit Credit
Cash 10,500  
Accounts receivable 150,000  
Prepaid rent 5,000  
Inventory 25,000  
Equipment 300,000  
Accumulated depreciation—equipment   125,000
Accounts payable   30,000
Notes payable—due in three months   30,000
Salaries payable   4,000
Interest payable   9,000
Common stock   200,000
Retained earnings   50,000
Dividends 8,000  
Sales revenue   400,000
Costs of goods sold 180,000  
Salaries expense 120,000  
Rent expense 15,000  
Depreciation expense 30,000  
Interest expense 2,000  
Advertising expense 2,500 _______
Totals 848,000 848,000
 
Prepare the closing entries for China Tea Company for the year ended December 31, 2021.
 
Answer: 
 
1. Sales revenue 400,000  
       Retained earnings   400,000
2. Retained earnings 349,500  
       Cost of goods sold   180,000
       Salaries expense   120,000
       Rent expense   15,000
       Depreciation expense   30,000
       Interest expense   2,000
       Advertising expense   2,500
3. Retained earnings 8,000  
       Dividends   8,000
 
Prepare an income statement for China Tea Company for the year ended December 31, 2021.
 
Answer: 
 
China Tea Company
Income Statement
For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
Sales revenue   $400,000
Cost of goods sold   180,000
Gross profit   220,000
Other expenses:    
   Salaries expense $120,000  
   Rent expense 15,000  
   Depreciation expense 30,000  
   Interest expense 2,000  
   Advertising expense 2,500  
   Total other expenses   169,500
   Net income   $ 50,500
 
Prepare a classified balance sheet for China Tea Company as of December 31, 2021.
 
Answer: 
 
China Tea Company
Balance Sheet
At December 31, 2021
Assets    
Current assets:    
     Cash   $ 10,500
     Accounts receivable   150,000
     Inventory   25,000
     Prepaid rent   5,000
          Total current assets   190,500
Property and equipment:    
     Equipment 300,000  
     Less: Accumulated depreciation 125,000 175,000
          Total assets   $365,500
     
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity    
Current liabilities:    
     Accounts payable   $ 30,000
     Notes payable   30,000
     Salaries payable   4,000
     Interest payable   9,000
     Total current liabilities   73,000
Shareholders' equity:    
     Common stock $200,000  
     Retained earnings 92,500  
          Total shareholders' equity   292,500
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity   $365,500
 

Use this information to answer the following questions:
 
Reference: Ch02-Ref06
The following information, based on the 12/31/2021 Annual Report to Shareholders of Krafty Foods ($ in millions):
 
Accounts payable 1,897
Accounts receivable (net) 3,131
Accrued liabilities 4,105
Cash and cash equivalents 162
Cost of goods sold 17,531
Otherurrent payables 1,652
Current portion of long-term debt 540
Other long-term liabilities 10,311
Retained earnings as of 12/31/2021 2,391
Goodwill and other intangible assets (net) 35,957
Salaries expense 1,565
Interest and other debt expense, net 1,437
Inventories 3,026
Long-term debt 8,134
Long-term notes payable 5,000
Marketing, general and administration expenses 11,460
Operating revenues 33,875
Other current assets 687
Other noncurrent assets 3,726
Other shareholders' equity (2,568)
Common stock 23,655
Property, plant and equipment (net) 9,109
Short-term borrowings 681
 
Based on the information presented above, prepare the Income Statement for Krafty Foods for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Answer: 
 
Krafty Foods
Income Statement
For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
($ in millions)  
Operating revenues $33,875
Cost of goods sold 17,531
Gross profit 16,344
Salaries expense 1,565
Marketing, general and administration expenses 11,460
Operating income 3,319
Interest and other debt expense, net 1,437
Net income $ 1,882
 
Based on the information presented above, prepare the 12/31/2021 Balance Sheet for Krafty Foods.
 
Answer: 
Krafty Foods
Balance Sheet
At December 31, 2021
($ in millions)    
Assets    
Current assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents   $162
Accounts receivable (net)   3,131
Inventories   3,026
Other current assets   687
     Total current assets   7,006
Property, plant and equipment (net)   9,109
Goodwill and other intangible assets (net)   35,957
Other noncurrent assets   3,726
     Total assets   $55,798
     
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity    
Accounts payable   $ 1,897
Accrued liabilities   4,105
Short-term borrowings   681
Other current payables   1,652
Current portion of long-term debt   540
     Total current liabilities   8,875
Long-term debt   8,134
Other long-term liabilities   10,311
Long-term notes payable   5,000
     Total liabilities   32,320
Common stock $23,655  
Retained earnings 2,391  
Other shareholders’  equity (2,568)  
     Total shareholders’  equity   23,478
     Total liabilities and shareholders’  equity   $55,798
 

Use this information to answer the following questions:
 
Reference: Ch02-Ref07
The December 31, 2021 (pre-closing) adjusted trial balance for Kline Enterprises was as follows:
 
Account Title Debits Credits
Accounts payable   90,000
Accounts receivable 170,000  
Accumulated depreciation — equipment   260,000
Common stock   490,000
Cash 26,000  
Cost of goods sold 480,000  
Depreciation expense 60,000  
Equipment 700,000  
Interest expense 4,000  
Inventory 150,000  
Note payable (due in six months)   60,000
Rent expense 30,000  
Retained earnings   62,000
Salaries payable   8,000
Sales revenue   770,000
Salaries expense 120,000  
TOTALS 1,740,000 1,740,000
 
Assuming no income taxes, compute the following, and place your answer in the space provided:
Kline's 2021 net income (or loss).
 
Answer:  Kline's 2021 net income (or loss) = $76,000
 
Computation: 770,000 − $480,000 − $60,000 − $4,000 − $30,000 − $120,000 = 76,000
 
Assuming no income taxes, compute the following, and place your answer in the space provided:
Kline's 12/31/2021 total current assets.
 
Answer:  Kline's 12/31/2021 total current assets = $346,000
 
Computation: $26,000 + $170,000 + $150,000 = 346,000
 
Assuming no income taxes, compute the following, and place your answer in the space provided.
Kline's 12/31/2021 total current liabilities:
 
Answer:  Kline's 12/31/2021 total current liabilities = $158,000
 
Computation: $90,000 + $60,000 + $8,000
 
Assuming no income taxes, compute the following, and place your answer in the space provided:
Kline's 12/31/2021 total shareholders' equity.
 
Answer:  Kline's 12/31/2021 total owners' equity = $628,000
 
Computation: $490,000 + $62,000 + $76,000 (Net Income), (or Total Assets − Total Liabilities)
 

Presented below is income statement and dividend information of the Nebraska Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2021.
 
Sales revenue $620,000   Cost of goods sold $355,000
Salaries expense 90,000   Insurance expense 20,000
Dividend revenue 3,000   Depreciation expense 18,000
Miscellaneous expense 12,000   Administrative expense 35,000
Loss on sale of investments 8,000   Rent expense 10,000
  Dividends 5,000      
 
Required:
 
Prepare the necessary closing entries at December 31, 2021.
Answer: 
December 31, 2021
 
Sales revenue 620,000  
Dividend revenue 3,000  
     Retained earnings   623,000
     
Retained earnings 548,000  
     Loss on sale of investments   8,000
     Salaries expense   90,000
     Miscellaneous expense   12,000
     Cost of goods sold   355,000
     Insurance expense   20,000
     Depreciation expense   18,000
     Administrative expense   35,000
     Rent expense   10,000
     
Retained earnings 5,000  
     Dividends   5,000
 

Raintree Corporation maintains its records on a cash basis.
At the end of each year the company's accountant obtains the necessary information to prepare accrual basis financial statements.
The following cash flows occurred during the year ended December 31, 2021:
 
Cash receipts:  
     From customers $450,000
     Interest on note 3,000
     Issue of common stock 50,000
          Total cash receipts $503,000
   
Cash disbursements:  
     Purchase of merchandise $220,000
     Annual insurance payment 9,000
     Payment of salaries 180,000
     Dividends paid to shareholders 6,000
     Annual rent payment 12,000
          Total cash disbursements $427,000
 
Selected balance sheet information:
 
  12/31/2020 12/31/2021
Cash $25,000 $101,000
Accounts receivable 42,000 70,000
Inventory 60,000 82,000
Prepaid insurance 2,000 ?
Prepaid rent 7,000 ?
Interest receivable 1,500 ?
Note receivable 50,000 50,000
Equipment 150,000 150,000
Accumulated depreciation—equipment (40,000) (55,000)
Accounts payable (for merchandise) 50,000 62,000
Salaries payable 20,000 28,000
Common stock 200,000 250,000
Dividends 0 6,000
 
Additional information:
 
1. On June 30, 2020, Raintree lent a customer $50,000. Interest at 6% is payable annually on each June 30. Principal is due in 2024.
2. The annual insurance payment is made in advance on March 31.
3. Annual rent on the company's facilities is paid in advance on September 30.
Required:
 
1. Prepare an accrual basis income statement for 2021 (ignore income taxes).
2. Determine the following balance sheet amounts on December 31, 2021:
 
a. Interest receivable
b. Prepaid insurance
c. Prepaid rent
 
1. Sales revenue:    
          Cash collected from customers $450,000  
          Add: Increase in accounts receivable 28,000  
               Sales revenue $478,000  
Interest revenue:    
          Cash received $3,000  
          Add: Amount accrued at the end of 2021 ($50,000 × .06 × 6/12) 1,500 (a)
          Deduct: Amount accrued at the end of 2020 (1,500)  
          Interest revenue $3,000  
Cost of goods sold:    
          Cash paid for merchandise $220,000  
          Add: Increase in accounts payable 12,000  
               Purchases during 2021 232,000  
          Deduct: Increase in inventory (22,000)  
               Cost of goods sold $210,000  
Insurance expense:    
          Cash paid $9,000  
          Add: Prepaid insurance expired during 2021 2,000  
          Deduct: Prepaid insurance on 12/31/2021 ($9,000 × 3/12) (2,250) (b)
          Insurance expense $8,750  
Salaries expense:    
          Cash paid $180,000  
          Add: Increase in salaries payable 8,000  
               Salaries expense $188,000  
Rent expense:    
          Amount paid $12,000  
          Add: Prepaid rent on 12/31/2020 expired during 2021 7,000  
          Deduct: Prepaid rent on 12/31/2021 ($12,000 × 9/12) (9,000) (c)
               Rent expense $10,000  
Depreciation expense: Increase in accumulated depreciation $15,000  
 
                                Raintree Corporation
                                Income statement
                                For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
Sales revenue   $478,000
     Cost of goods sold   210,000
Gross profit   268,000
Operating expenses:    
     Insurance $8,750  
     Salaries 188,000  
     Rent 10,000  
     Depreciation 15,000  
          Total operating expenses   221,750
Operating income   46,250
Other income (expense):
      Interest revenue
   
3,000
Net income   $49,250
 
2.
a. Interest receivable (1/2 year × 3,000) $ 1,500
b. Prepaid insurance (1/4 year × 9,000) 2,250
c. Prepaid rent (3/4 year × 12,000) 9,000
 

Silicon Chip Company's fiscal year-end is December 31. At the end of 2021,
it owed employees $22,000 in salaries that will be paid on January 7, 2022.
 
Required:
 
1. Prepare an adjusting entry to record accrued salaries, a reversing entry on January 1, 2022,
     and an entry to record the payment of salaries on January 7, 2022.
 
2. Prepare journal entries to record the accrued salaries on December 31, 2021
     and the payment of salaries on January 7, 2022, assuming a reversing entry is not recorded.
 
Answer: 
 
     December 31—adjusting entry    
Salaries expense 22,000  
     Salaries payable   22,000
     
January 1—reversing entry    
Salaries payable 22,000  
     Salaries expense   22,000
     
January 7—payment of salaries    
Salaries expense 22,000  
     Cash   22,000
 
2.
December 31—adjusting entry    
Salaries expense 22,000  
     Salaries payable   22,000
     
January 7—payment of salaries    
Salaries payable 22,000  
     Cash   22,000
 

 
Describe the difference between external events and internal events, and provide two examples of each.
 
External events involve an exchange between the company and a separate economic entity.
 

 
Describe what is meant by deferred revenue and provide two examples.
 
Deferred revenue is created when a company receives cash from a customer for goods or services
that will be provided in a future period.
 

 
Describe what is meant by prepaid expenses and provide two examples.
 
Prepaid expenses represent assets recorded when a cash disbursement creates benefits beyond the current period.
 

 
What is an accrued liability?
 
An accrued liability results from an expense being incurred prior to cash payment. Examples include
interest payable and salaries payable.
 

 
What is the difference between permanent accounts and temporary accounts,
and why does an accounting system have both types of accounts?
 
Permanent accounts represent assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity at a point in time.
Temporary accounts represent changes in retained earnings caused by dividend, revenue, expense,  and gain and loss accounts.
The temporary accounts are closed out annually to facilitate measuring income on an annual basis.
Temporary accounts are a convenience to aid the preparation of financial statements by recording revenues  and expenses in these accounts, rather than directly into retained earnings.
 

 
What is the purpose of the statement of cash flows? List the three major categories of cash flows
and give an example of a cash transaction for each category.
 
The purpose of the statement of cash flows is to summarize the transactions that caused cash to change
during the reporting period.
The statement of cash flows summarizes cash flows in three categories: operating, investing, and financing.
Operating activities include cash flows related to transactions entering into the determination of net income,
such as cash collections from customers,
payments for purchases, and other receipts, such as interest and dividends. Investing activities include
purchasing and selling equipment or
certain investment securities.
Financing activities include borrowing or repaying loans, issuing stock, and payment of dividends.
 

 
What is the purpose of the closing process?
 
The closing process serves a dual purpose:
 
(1) the temporary accounts are reduced to a zero balance, ready to measure activity in the next accounting period, and
 
(2) the balances of these temporary accounts are transferred to retained earnings to reflect the changes that have occurred
in that account during the period.
 

 
Claymore Corporation maintains its book on a cash basis. During 2021, the company collected $825,000
in fees from its clients and paid $512,000 in expenses. You are able to determine the following information about
accounts receivable, supplies, prepaid rent, salaries payable, and interest payable:
 
  January 1, 2021 December 31, 2021
Accounts receivable $110,000 $120,000
Supplies 15,000 18,000
Prepaid rent 12,000 11,000
Salaries payable 16,500 14,200
Interest payable 4,000 5,500
 
In addition, 2021 depreciation expense on office equipment is $55,000.
Required: Determine accrual-basis net income for 2021.
Answer: 
   Cash basis net income ($825,000 – 512,000) $313,000
   Add:  
   Increase in accounts receivable ($120,000 – 110,000) 10,000
   Increase in supplies ($18,000 – 15,000) 3,000
   Decrease in salaries payable ($16,500 – 14,200) 2,300
   Deduct:  
   Depreciation expense (55,000)
   Decrease in prepaid rent ($12,000 – 11,000) (1,000)
   Increase in interest payable ($5,500 – 4,000) (1,500)
Accrual-basis net income $270,800
 

 
The accounting system of Carlton and Sons consists of a
general journal (GJ),
a cash receipts journal (CR),
a cash disbursements journal (CD),
a sales journal (SJ), and
a purchases journal (PJ).
For each of the following, indicate which journal should be used to record the transaction.
 
Answer: 
 
Transaction Journal
1.Received interest on a loan. CR
2.Received cash for services to be provided next month. CR
3.Purchased equipment for cash. CD
4.Purchased merchandise on account. PJ
5.Sold merchandise on credit (the sale only, not the cost of the merchandise). SJ
6.Sold merchandise for cash (the sale only, not the cost of the merchandise). CR
7. Paid advertising bill. CD
8. Recorded accrued salaries payable. GJ
9. Paid bill for utilities usage. CD
10. Recorded depreciation expense. GJ
11. Sold equipment for cash. CR
12. Collected cash from customers on account. CR
13. Paid employee salaries. CD
14. Paid interest on a loan. CD


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