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One meaning of "employee rights" is that employees have claims independently of any particular legal system, claims that originate from the
respect due them as human beings.
TRUE  
 
Without collective bargaining, employers would have a stronger incentive to compromise with individual employees on levels of wages and benefits.
FALSE
 
The idea of government providing a job for everyone makes sense only if it means the responsibility to provide jobs that are
compatible with qualifications to those who can't find a job in the private sector.
TRUE  
FALSE
 
The employment at will doctrine means, essentially, that unless a specific contract states otherwise, an employer has the right
to hire and fire an employee for any reason whatever and the employee has the right to quit a job at any time.
TRUE  
 
According to Norman Bowie, employers have an obligation to provide jobs for individuals and structure the workplace so
that workers can exercise their autonomy, their independence.
FALSE
 
Rather than specifying every acceptable and unacceptable reason for dismissing an employee, "due process" refers to the
procedures employers must go through before dismissing workers.
TRUE  
 
The private property rights of business make it doubtful that it derives its coercive power from the consent of the governed even in
societies where individuals are respected as autonomous, free decision makers.
FALSE
 
Stockholder rights raise a relevant objection to the participation of workers in management decisions only if such participation threatens
a stockholder's investment.
TRUE  
 
It is simply too much to ask of employers to provide an ideally safe workplace.
TRUE  
 
Information about employees that is gathered through such technologies as polygraphs, drug-testing, surveillance, psychological tests
or electronic monitoring may sometimes have to include information that is not ordinarily job-relevant and legitimately knowable by the
employer if the employer thinks the overall good of the business might someday require it.
FALSE
 
Which of the following goods are removed from the employment contract by legal rights?
Wages set at less than the legal minimum wage.
 
Which of the following moral rights could be waived in order to get a job or an increase in employment benefits?
Protection against sexual harassment.
A safe and healthy workplace.
Wage levels required for a decent, humane level of existence.
Plans for a family.
All of the above.
None of the above.
 
Identify the proposition that challenges the argument for mandatory union membership:
Bargaining between employer and employees will be equal only if the employees bargain for wages and benefits as individuals.
 
Determine which statement defends the idea that private employers do not have an obligation to provide jobs for others:
Employers have rights, although limited, to property and also have their own right to work
 
Select the statement or statements that represent an erosion of employment at will as a legal doctrine:
Federal and state constitutions grant employees rights against the government as their employer.
Union employees are protected from arbitrary dismissal by their union contracts.
Civil rights laws protect employees from being fired because of race, or sex, for example.
Federal and state laws protect employees who blow the whistle on certain illegal or unethical acts committed
by their employers.
All of the above.
None of the above.
 
A procedural account of due process would preclude:
a list specifying beforehand every possible reason for dismissal and distinguishing them from unacceptable reasons;
 
Which statement fails to provide a valid reason in support of John McCall's claim that employees have a right to
participate in management decisions?
Human dignity is tied to the ability of humans to guide their own lives and control their own destinies.
Fairness demand that each and every person affected by a managerial decision must have an opportunity to
represent his or her own interests.
Employees who participate in and contribute to decision making are less likely to suffer alienation and burnout.
Institutions that encourage and honor employee participation will foster psychic goods of self-worth and self-respect among employees.
All of the above.
None of the above.
 
Select the statement that might represent a valid objection to worker participation in management decisions:
Substantial conflicts that exist between the interests of the firm and the interests of the employees are more likely to occur than similar conflicts between the interests of managers and the interests of the firm.
 
According to the free market and classical models of corporate social responsibility, individual bargaining between employees and
employers would be the best approach to workplace health and safety. Which statement does not support that approach?
The means the market uses to gather information about risks is to observe the harms done to the first generation exposed to imperfect market transactions, market failures.
 
Select the statement that does not reflect the connection between the two senses of privacy as a right to be "left alone" and privacy
as a right to control information about oneself:
The right to control certain very personal decisions and information has little relevance to determining the kind of person we are and the person we become.
 
Legislators created a form of business called corporations to encourage people to engage in business activities.
True
 
According to the Economic Model of CSR, the social responsibility of business managers is not only to pursue profit within the law, but also to share a small percentage of this profit for activities that would benefit the society.
False
 
In the classic 1970 New York Times article, "The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits," Milton Friedman ignores ethical responsibilities and suggests that decision makers are fulfilling their responsibility if they follow their firm's self-interest in pursuing profit.
False
 
Volunteering and charitable work are examples of the most demanding responsibility, often called duty or obligation.
False
 
According to the philanthropic model of CSR, business has no strict obligation to contribute to social causes; but it can be a good thing when they do so.
True
 
Charity work is done because it brings the firm good public relations, provides a helpful tax deduction, builds good-will and/or a good reputation within the community, is not included by the philanthropic model of CSR.
False
 
The Philanthropic model in which business support for a social cause is done simply because it is the right thing to do differs from the reputational version only in terms of the underlying motivation.
True
 
The Social Web model views business as a citizen of the society in which it operates and, like all members of a society, business must conform to the normal ethical duties and obligations that we all face.
True
 
Integration theory begins with the recognition that every business decision affects a wide variety of people, benefiting some and imposing costs on others.
False
 
Philosopher Norman Bowie identifies his approach as a "Kantian" theory of business ethics.
True
 
The stakeholder theory argues that the firm should be managed for the sole benefit of stockholders. The economic model argues, on factual, legal, economic, and ethical grounds, that this is an inadequate understanding of business.
False
 
The economic model appeals to two fundamental ethical norms for its justification: utilitarian considerations of social well-being and individual rights.
True
 
The stakeholder theory argues that on the very same grounds that are used to justify the classical model, a wider "stakeholder" theory of corporate social responsibility is proven ethically superior.
True
 
The sustainability version of CSR suggests that the long-term financial well-being of every firm is directly tied to questions of how the firm both affects and is affected by the natural environment.
True
 
The positive impact on the bottom line of a firm stems from customer preference, and not employee preference.
False
 
Reputation management refers to the practice of caring for the 'image' of a firm.
True
 
If a firm creates a good image for itself, consumers or other stakeholders seem to give it some slack if they hear something negative about the firm.
True
 
An important justification offered for CSR, what is often called enlightened self-interest, presumes that good ethics is also good business.
True
 
The law has created a form of business that limits the liability of individuals for the risks involved in business activities. Identify the form of business.
Corporation
 
Legislatures created a form of business called corporations because they thought that businesses could be more efficient in raising the capital necessary for producing goods, services, jobs, and wealth if:
individuals were protected by limiting the liability of individuals for these activities.
 
According to the Economic Model of CSR, the social responsibility of business managers is to:
pursue profit within the law.
 
Which of the following is True about the economic model of CSR?
According to this model, profit is a direct measure of how well a business firm is meeting society's expectations.
 
Milton Friedman explains that a corporate executive has a "responsibility to conduct business in accordance with [his or her employer's] desires, which generally will be to make as much money as
possible while conforming to the basic rules of society, both those embodied in law and those embodied in ethical custom." This view of corporate social responsibility has its roots in the _____ tradition and in neoclassical economics.
Utilitarian
 
Which of the following statements is correct about the Economic Model of CSR?
Milton Friedman's classic 1970 New York Times article, "The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits," supported this perspective.
 
According to the Economic Model of CSR, the pursuit of profit will continuously work towards the optimal satisfaction of consumer demand which, in the interpretation of _____ is the optimal social good.
Utilitarianism
 
Which of the following ethical requirement, in practice, is the type of responsibility established by the precedents of tort law?
Responsibility not to cause harm
 
Identify the statement that best describes the philanthropic model of corporate social responsibility.
From this perspective, business has no strict obligation to contribute to social causes; but it can be a good thing when they do so.
 
"Just as individuals have no ethical obligation to contribute to charity or to do volunteer work in their community, business has no ethical obligations to serve wider social goods. But, just as charity is a good thing and something that we all want to encourage, business should be encouraged to contribute to society in ways that go beyond the narrow obligations of law and economics." Identify the model of CSR that reflects this line of thought.
Philanthropic model
 
In the philanthropic model of CSR, situations where a business supports a social cause for the purpose of receiving a business benefit in return is similar to:
The economic model of CSR
 
From the perspective of the narrow view of CSR, only philanthropy done for reputational reasons and financial ends is ethically responsible.
Identify the correct justification for this perspective.
Business managers are the agents of owners; they have no right to use corporate resources except to earn owners greater returns on their investment.
 
Identify the model of CSR that views business as a citizen of the society in which it operates, and like all members of a society, business must conform to the normal ethical duties and obligations that we all face.
Social Web Model
 
According to philosopher Norman Bowie, there is a "moral minimum" that we expect of every person, whether they are acting as individuals or within corporate institutions. Identify this "moral minimum."
Respect human rights
 
According to philosopher Norman Bowie, managers have a responsibility to maximize profits as long as they:
Comply with the moral minimum and cause no harm
 
Identify the theory that begins with the recognition that every business decision affects a wide variety of people, benefiting some and imposing costs on others.
Stakeholder theory
 
An individual who argues that firms should be managed for the sole benefit of stockholders is defending the:
Economic model of CSR
 
Identify the requirement that is common to utilitarianism and stakeholder theory.
To consider the consequences of management decisions for the well-being of all affected groups.
 
Corporate managers who fail to give due consideration to the rights of employees and other concerned groups in the pursuit of profit are treating these groups as means to the ends of stockholders. This is unjust according to the _____ tradition.
Kantian
 
CSR literature assumes a tension between the pursuit of profit and social responsibility. How can organizations overcome this tension?
By pursuing social ends as the very core of their mission.
 
For-profit organizations that prioritize social entrepreneurship and sustainability as a central part of their strategic mission are pursuing the _____ model of CSR.
Integrative
 
An individual who points out that all economic activity exists within a biosphere that supports all life, and argues that the present model of economics is already running up against the limits of the biosphere's capacity to support life is a strong defender of the:
Sustainability version of CSR
 
Which of the following versions of CSR suggests that the long-term financial well-being of every firm is directly tied to questions of how the firm both affects and is affected by the natural environment?
Sustainability
 
Which of the following can be a problem with CSR for reputation building?
Social responsibility is then merely social marketing
 
The practice of attending to the "image" of a firm is referred to as:
Reputation management
 
One important justification offered for CSR, what is often called enlightened self-interest, presumes that:
Good ethics can also be good business
 
While we are all familiar with examples of unethical decisions leading to high profits, there is general agreement that,
in the long run, ethics pays off. What is the challenge associated with ethical pay offs?
It is very difficult to measure the ethical pay off.
 
In 2014, Cindy had the following transactions:
Salary $90,000
Short-term capital gain from a stock investment 4,000
Moving expense to change jobs (11,000)
Received repayment of $20,000 loan she made to her sister in 2010 (includes no interest) 20,000
State income taxes (5,000)
Cindy's AGI is:
$83,000.
 
Sylvia, age 17, is claimed by her parents as a dependent. During 2014, she had interest income from a bank savings account of $2,000
and income from a parttime job of $4,200. Sylvia's taxable income is:
$6,200 - $4,550 = $1,650.
 
Tony, age 15, is claimed as a dependent by his grandmother. During 2014, Tony had interest income from Boeing Corporation bonds of
$1,000 and earnings from a parttime job of $700. Tony's taxable income is:
$1,700 - $1,050 = $650.
 
Merle is a widow, age 80 and blind, who is claimed as a dependent by her son. During 2014, she received $4,800 in Social Security benefits,
$2,500 in bank interest, and $1,800 in cash dividends from stocks. Merle's taxable income is:
$4,300 - $1,000 - $3,100 = $200.
 
Wilma, age 70 and single, is claimed as a dependent on her daughter's tax return.
During 2014, she had interest income of $2,500 and $800 of earned income from babysitting. Wilma's taxable income is:
$750.
$900.
$1,750.
$2,200.
None of these.
 
Kyle and Liza are married and under 65 years of age. During 2014, they furnish more than half of the support of their 19-year old daughter, May,
who lives with them. She graduated from high school in May 2013. May earns $15,000 from a part-time job, most of which she sets aside for future
college expenses. Kyle and Liza also provide more than half of the support of Kyle's cousin who lives with them. Liza's father, who died on
January 3, 2014, at age 90, has for many years qualified as their dependent. How many personal and dependency exemptions should Kyle and Liza claim?
Four
 
Evan and Eileen Carter are husband and wife and file a joint return for 2014. Both are under 65 years of age.
They provide more than half of the support of their daughter, Pamela (age 25), who is a full-time medical student.
Pamela receives a $5,000 scholarship covering her tuition at college. They furnish all of the support of Belinda (Evan's grandmother),
who is age 80 and lives in a nursing home. They also support Peggy (age 66), who is a friend of the family and lives with them.
How many dependency exemptions may the Carters claim?
Three
 
In which, if any, of the following situations may the individual not be claimed as a dependent of the taxpayer?
A cousin who does not live with the taxpayer.
 
A qualifying child cannot include:
A grandmother.
 
Ellen, age 12, lives in the same household with her father, grandfather, and uncle.
The cost of maintaining the household is provided by her grandfather (40%) and her uncle (60%).
Disregarding tie-breaker rules, Ellen is a qualifying child as to:
All parties involved (i.e., father, grandfather, and uncle).
 
Millie, age 80, is supported during the current year as follows:
Percent of Support
Weston (a son) 20%
Faith (a daughter) 35%
Jake (a cousin) 25%
Brayden (unrelated close family friend) 20%
During the year, Millie lives in an assisted living facility. Under a multiple support agreement, indicate which
parties can qualify to claim Millie as a dependent.
Weston and Faith.
 
The Hutters filed a joint return for 2014. They provide more than 50% of the support of Carla, Melvin, and Aaron. Carla (age 18) is a cousin and earns $2,800 from a part-time job. Melvin (age 25) is their son and is a full-time law student. He received from the university a $3,800 scholarship for tuition. Aaron is a brother who is a citizen of
Israel but resides in France. Carla and Melvin live with the Hutters. How many personal and dependency exemptions can the Hutters claim on their Federal income tax return?
Four