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American Federal Government Chapter 6
General Test Questions & Answers
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According to____, the average American exhibits little knowledge for political institutions, processes, or leaders.
recent studies by political scientists
 
Family provides most people with their____to politics.
initial orientation
 
If you consider yourself moderate, you are like
most Americans
 
Online social network such as Facebook and Twitter
likely increase the role of peers in shaping public opinion
 
Opposition to government expansion, opposition to increased taxation, and opposition to government regulation on business are views that
are generally identified as belonging to which political ideology?
conservative
 
Political and voting differences between men and women are known as the____gap.
gender
 
Political scientists Richard Lau and David Redlawsk argue that MOST public opinion is formed through
cues from political elites
 
Political socialization is the process through which
political beliefs and values are formed
 
Polls are____instruments for measuring public opinion.
scientific
 
States that adopt smoking bans provide an example of government policy
that shaped public opinion
 
Symbolic of the digital age, President Obama used which platforms for public communication
Facebook and Twitter
 
The inherent gulf between the rich and the poor was considered by____to be the MOST perpetual source of conflict in political life.
the framers of the Constitution
 
The religiously unaffiliated tent to be politically
liberal
 
The size of the overall population is____in determining the reliability of a poll
not important
 
Those with higher education, income, and occupational status and who are members of social or political organizations are likely to have high
political knowledge
 
What is an impact of increasing polarization between the parties in the US
party endorsements have a larger impact on public opinion formation
 
What is the MOST important core value of liberals?
equality
 
When using a simple random sample, every individual in a population has an equal probability of being
selected as a respondent
 
Which of the following is generally considered a core US value?
liberty
 
Which of the following values or outcomes would likely be opposed by MOST americans?
equality of income
 
Which of the following was a conclusion made by political scientist Milton Lodge and colleagues about individual formation of public opinion?
many individuals are politically informed but lack memory of some of the facts used to form their opinions.
 
_­­_________ is the interplay of opinions and views that takes place as competing forces attempt to persuade as many people as possible to accept a
particular position on a particular issue.
the marketplace of ideas
 
___ refers to a set of beliefs and values that, as a whole, form a general philosophy about government.
Political ideology
 
____ is a problem in measuring public opinion wherein respondents report what they expect the interviewer wishes to hear or what they think
is socially acceptable rather than what they actually believe.
Social desirability effect
 
a contemporary and very controversial example of a media leak is
the Edward Snowden leads of NSA classified material
 
blogs have been a particularly important tool for growing and enhancing
citizen journalism
 
Both Facebook and Twitter have contributed to political mobilization and information sharing by creating ____ where groups of like-minded individuals
or individual with shared interests can easily share information
visual social networks
 
convenience of getting news, up-to-the-minute currency of information, depth of information, diversity of viewpoints, and low costs are all benefits of
online news
 
Even though newspapers are not the primary news source for MOST americans, why could they still be considered important?
they are still influential among the political elite.
 
How has the dramatic rise in political information and the diversity of the media in recent decades affected the population's political knowledge?
average level of political knowledge have remained constant
 
it is estimated that more than____of americans have access to the internet
80 percent
 
online media, by representing a wider range of political views than traditional news sources, have created
a more democratic press
 
Priming involves calling attention to some matters while ignoring other when evaluation
political officials
 
The 1969 case, Red Lion Broadcasting Company v. FCC, confirmed the FCC's regulation called
right of rebuttal
 
The FCC's fairness doctrine
is no longer being enforced
 
The Obama administration's labeling of its health care initiative as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, thus defining it as a matter of
compassionate responsibility and good economic sense, is am example of
framing
 
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 was an attempt to
loosen restrictions on media ownership
 
the loss of investigative power is a hew concern about which of the following media
online news
 
when newspaper first emerged they were motivate primarily by
profit seeking
 
when the delivery of news was dominated by only three networks and a handful of national papers, it tented to be ___ than it is today
more moderate
 
which of the following media forms could be considered essentially a headline service
radio news
 
which of following about mass media number and ownership is accurate? the number of new sources - those doing actual news gathering - has
stayed essentially the same in recent decades
 
_____, such as ESPN and Disney, have prompted questions about whether enough competition exists among traditional media to produce a truly diverse set of views on political matters
media monopolies
 
____ are two popular news aggregators that serve a large number of readers by synthesizing coverage from a variety of sources
Google News and Real Clear Politics
 
____ journalism caters to specialized interests of new consumers
niche
 
a recent study form 2016 concluded that the reason college students were susceptible to "fake news" was because "fake news" is clearly presented
in the same format as real news the "real news" has such incredible information reported that it make
"fake news" seem potentially more believable than it otherwise would be
 
according to the text all of the following factors are involved int eh medias decision to cover more political and governmental news EXCEPT
So many news programs cover California political and governmental new that there is little for each station to report
 
Over the past two decades, the number of newspaper across the US has ___ and newspaper circulation have____
fallen; declined
 
Many experts see digital media as a catalyst for
enhancing
 
Following the 2016 election of Donald Trump to the presidency, subscriptions and donations to investigative media such as
ProPublica and Washington Post and New York Times.
increased
 
a series of experiments by Donald Green and Alan Gerber showed that face to face interaction may increase voter turnout by
10 percent
 
an example of ___ was the Black Lives Matters campaign staring in Ferguson but spreading to New York City, Baltimore and dozens of other locations in 2015.
protests
 
anat from voting, this form of political participation is the most common way citizens participate in american politics
digital political participation
 
over the past two centuries of american history which of the following has been the MOST persistent barrier to increase suffrage for disenfranchised groups?
state laws
 
Political scientist Russel Dalton argues that social media such as Twitter and Facebook is making participation in politics much more
expressive
 
Reversing decades of negative trends digital media may foster community building. Digital media may also increase american's social capital which is defined as
community networks that motivated political participation
 
the latino vote is often referred to by analyst as the
sleeping giant
 
the concept defined as "when individuals are represented in government by officials of their same race, ethnicity, or gender" is known as
descriptive representation
 
What is the single MOST important factor in predicting not only whether an individual will vote but also most kinds of political participation
education level
 
which factor in particulate helped the Democrat Party in the 2008 presidential election
better mobilization effort by Democrats
 
which group won suffrage in 1920
women
 
which of the following granted 18 year olds the right to vote
the twenty sixth amendment
 
which of the following individuals would be MOST likely to vote
a white middle aged college graduate
 
which of the following is a voting practice that most European countries have but that the US does not
holding elections on nonworking days
 
which of the following statements about the voting rights of felons is accurate
some states allow felons who have send their sentence to vote while others do not
 
Which religious group become a significant part of the Republican party base starting in the 1980s
white evangelical protestants
 
which voting trend began in 2004 and contributed through 2008
the first significant increase voter turnout in 40 years
 
women and minorities in the US congress are significantly underrepresented compared with their percentages of the US
population
 
__________ are the hallmark of democracy
elections
 
____________ refers to a groups right to vote
suffrage
 
a ____________ is a nonprofit independent group that receives and disburses funds to influence elections
527 committee
 
a party caucus is a closed meeting of a political or legislative group to select candidates,
plan strategies or make decisions regarding legislative matters
 
a type of party formation which takes place when a group of politicians outside of government organizes popular support to win government power is called
external mobilization
 
after 36 years of being dominating US political life, the Republican Party lost power after ____ began
the Great Depression
 
Contemporary american political parties mainly compete for the support of
different groups of middle- and upper-class Americans
 
funding from politically active nonprofits whose donors and amounts contributed do not have tone made public is called
dark money
 
in the early years of the Republic, political parties were seen as
factions that represented a threat to the social order of the country
 
in the nomination process, a party
selects a candidate to run for an elective office
 
Jews are among the ___ party's most loyal consistent groups
Democratic