Chapter 3 – Test the national government is the definition of unfunded mandates block grants consist of federal aid to state or local governments that is to be spent within a specified policy area, though without the narrow regulations of categorical grants concurrent powers are those powers given to which entity? they are shared by the federal and state governments. cooperative federalism is best defined as a type of federalism existing since the new deal era in which grants in aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities to pursue nationally defined goals goverment powers not provided to the national goverment in the us constitution but are rather given to the states by the tenth amendment are called ___ powers reserved in a federal system, power is distributed between the state and national governments in what way did the federal goverment attempt to combat state opposition to national policies for a time in the 1960s bypassing states all together by making federal grants directly to local governments McCulloch v Maryland is an important case because in this case, the us supreme court interpreted the delegated powers of congress broadly, creating the potential for increased national powers Most of the rules and regulations Americans face in their daily lives are set by state and local governments new federalism was generally characterized by granting state and local goverments greater control of nationally funded programs the commerce clause of article 1, section 8, of the us constitution affords congress broad regulatory power over what interstate commerce the power to charter national banks is an example of which type of power implied under the traditional system of dual federalism, the national goverments primary functional role was the assistance of the nation’s commerce U.S. vs. Windsor (2013) was important because it successfully challenged the ban on interracial marriage what is the purpose of the tenth amendment to limit the powers of the central goverment by establishing reserved powers for states and individuals what type of situation in American federalism has often resulted in the act of preemption a state action is found to be inconsistent with a federal requirement which of the following would best exemplify a characteristic of a unitary system of goverment? The national goverment selects the textbooks and curriculum for all schools which of the following statements about federalism under president Obama’s administration is inaccurate? the Obama administration greatly reduced the power of federal authority in most public policy arenas which supreme court decision was the first time since the new deal that court limited the power of congress under the commerce clause U.S. vs Lopez with which constitutional clause has same sex marriage been mostly closely linked the full faith and credit clause Which clause in the U.S. Constitution affirms that national laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land? The supremacy clause Federalism is best defined as a system of government in which power is divided between a national government and lower level governments. The specific powers granted to Congress in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution are called the ________ powers. expressed What is it called when a state grants a city the ability to govern its own local affairs? Home rule In the federal system, government responsibilities are shared by both state and federal governments. Which amendment preserves a strong role for the states in the American federal republic? Tenth _________ powers exist when both the state and national governments share authority in certain domains. Concurrent During most of the nineteenth century, Congress used its powers to ____________ commerce. Facilitate Under the traditional system of American federalism (dual federalism), most of the fundamental governing in the United States was done by state governments. Why were attempts by Congress to regulate child labor and factory conditions in local workplaces struck down by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional in the last nineteenth century? Regulating local workplaces was beyond the scope of interstate commerce at the time and was, therefore, perceived to be an unconstitutional exercise of power by the federal government. What was the overall importance of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)? The Court interpreted the delegated powers of Congress broadly, creating the potential for increased national powers. What was a major reason that the slogan "states' rights" became tarnished in the 1950s and 1960s? It had been used by southern opponents of the civil rights movement to support Jim Crow Laws. Why was United States v. Lopez (1995) important? It was the first time since the New Deal that the Supreme Court limited the power of Congress as outlined under there commerce clause. How did the traditional system of dual federalism establish a "commercial republic"? The function of the federal government was to promote and assist commerce Which level of government writes the majority of criminal laws? The state governments The constitutional idea of states' rights was strongest during which historical period? The years immediately preceding the Civil War. Which statement best describes American federalism since the 1930s? Although the federal government has grown significantly more powerful since the 1930s, some power has been returned to states in recent years. Which statement best describes the Supreme Court's decisions about federalism during the 1990s? The Court limited the power of the national government over the state governments. Which event was most influential in the rise of a more active national government? The Great Depression ______ is the strategy of delegating authority to a lower level of government. Devolution One argument for a strong federal government is that it promotes ______ across states. equality "Marble cake federalism" is associated with the pattern of intergovernmental cooperation that has blurred the lines between the states and the national governments. Block grants are designed to give the states considerable discretion in how money from the federal government should be spent. Which president introduced and presided over the New Deal? Franklin Roosevelt The full faith and credit clause of the Constitution requires states to honor each other's public acts and legal decisions. What is the purpose of the Tenth Amendment? To limit the powers of the federal government by reserving certain powers to the states and to the people. What is the main function of the privileges and immunities clause of Article IV? It prevents states from discriminating against nonresidents. Which of the following statements best describes the discussion of local government found in the Constitution? Local government has no status in the Constitution. The Constitution's commerce clause says that _________ shall have the power to "regulate commerce" among the states. Congress Which of the following characterized the era of dual federalism? state supremacy in racial policy States alone are sovereign in a confederacy The powers granted to the states in the Constitution are called _________ powers. reserved John C. Calhoun argued that the United States was founded upon a compact between the states. How many levels of constitutionally recognized levels of government does the federal system have? Two Unitary System central government is sovereign, can create governments and delegate powers Confederal System- several independent sovereign gov's agree to participate on matters while each retains authority What is the reason the Constitution lacks detail on state authority? At the time of Constitutions drafting, the states expected to retain authority, except matters agreed to turn over to federal gov In What order did the colonists experience the three types of government? Unitary, Confederal, Federal Which body of government retains jurisdiction over local governments? State Most Americans live under the jurisdiction of how many governments, simultaneously Five The "reserved powers" clause of the constitution gives power to which government? State What does the case McCulloch v. Maryland exemplify established the use of the implied powers to expand national governments enumerated authority What early supreme court case decided the regulation of interstate commerce Gibbons v Ogden Where in the constitution are states obligations to one another Article IV 4 What type of federalism are grants-in-aid used? cooperative federalism What type of federalism would be described by saying the national government imposed its own policy preference on states? Centralized federalism In what case did supreme court strike down the national gun free school zone act as being unconstitutional United states v Lopez What percentage of the states must ratify a constitutional amendment for it to pass? three fourths 3/4 What phrase do political scientists use to describe the way state judges grant more liberties and rights that those guaranteed under the U.S. constitution New Judicial Federalism What are the three amendments that have had tremendous impact on the power relationship between national and state government 14th, 16th, and 17th Which amendment authorizes the national government to ensure that states provide due process fourteenth The equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment was interpreted in what case in 2000 Bush v. Gore What amendment enhanced the power of congress to raise money? 16th What was the change in accountability for U.S. Senators when the seventeenth amendment passed? Senators were no longer directly accountable to the state legislature because the latter, no longer selected senators What is the most common type of grant-in-aid? Categorical formula grant _______grants are less narrowly defined that_______ grants Block, Categorical What did the Supreme court hold in South Dakota v. Dole regarding the drinking age be 21? encouraged states to set drinking age at 21 by threatening to remove their grants in aid for highway construction National mandates can either be __________ or___________ Funded; unfunded What term has been coined to describe today's federal state governmet relationship? intergovernmental relations What major national event significantly influenced the federal/state relationship? Civil War According to some scholars, which amendments passage led to a loss of influence of state governments in national policy-making the seventeenth amendment What type of national grant in aid requires state and local governments to compete for funding by writing needs based proposals Categorical What supreme court case saw state government opposition to conditions within national grants come to a head? Massachusetts v Melon Ensuring the survival of necessary grants in aide is a function of whom intergovernmental lobbies Ensuring the survival of necessary grants in aid is a function of whom intergovernmental lobbies What are clauses in national laws that direct state and local governments to do something specified by the national government Mandates |