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Chapter 2 you were mostly likely a(n) Federalist. Which of the following demonstrated the weakness of the Articles of Confederation, leading to the Constitutional Convention? Shays's Rebellion Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison wrote which of the following documents that argued in favor of adopting the Constitution? The Federalist Papers The inspiration behind the focus of the Declaration of Independence's on "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" was most inspired by which political philosopher? John Locke The method of securing, enacting, or maintaining the Constitution's principle of separation of powers is known as checks and balances. If you lived in America in 1783, what type of government would you have lived under? confederation What is the name of the clause that is understood to give Congress the power to pass any law that is necessary to carry out its expressed powers? elastic clause What power does the Supreme Court possess that is not expressly given to it by the Constitution? conducting judicial review What type of tyranny did the Federalists fear the most? tyranny of the majority Which of the following concepts best explains the underlying reason for the Bill of Rights? limited government Which of the following statements is true about the Three-Fifths Compromise? Under this compromise, five slaves would count as three free persons in apportioning seats in the House of Representatives. Both New England merchants and southern planters were harmed economically by which of the following? Stamp and Sugar Acts Federal government shutdowns often occur when the House and Senate cannot agree on the national budget. Although many citizens view this as incompetence, the Founders would likely argue that government shutdowns are a consequence of the necessary function of the theory of separation of powers and checks and balances that the Founders purposely put into the Constitution. As a political value, individual liberty was the most important value for the Constitution's authors. If you were a member of Congress and wanted to change the structure of the U.S. government, what mechanism would you most likely use? Suggest an amendment to the Constitution that addresses the structure of government. Congress' ability to pass laws needed to carry out its expressed powers is known as the __________ clause. necessary and proper If you were asked to advise on how to create a "living" constitution, which of the following judicial powers would you be most likely to recommend? judicial review This clause in the Constitution makes it illegal for the state of Michigan to purposely discriminate against citizens in Michigan from the state of Georgia: comity clause The Bill of Rights eased concerns about an overly powerful central government. The core component of the Virginia Plan was that it provided for a system of representation in the national legislature based on the population of each state, the proportion of each state's revenue contribution to the national government, or both. The process of amending the Constitution is __________, leading to a __________ proportion of proposed amendments succeeding. difficult; very small Under the terms of the Great Compromise, the House of Representatives was based on proportional representation. If you were an Antifederalist, which of the following would most concern you about the central government having too much power? the elastic clause Which of the following statements about the Declaration of Independence is accurate? It specifically identified and focused on grievances, aspirations, and principles that might unify the various colonial groups. Which of the following stipulated that powers not specifically granted by the Constitution to the federal government were reserved to the states or to the people? Tenth Amendment The power to make law and to frame public policies legislative power the power to execute, enforce, and administer law executive power the power to interpret laws, to determine their meaning, and to settle disputes that arise within the society judical power What are the common features of the first state constitutions? popular sovereignty (govt. can only exist with the consent of the governed), limited government, civil rights and liberties, and seperation of powers and checks and balances What is the extent of presidential powers? power to act as commander in chief of the armed forces, power to grant reprieves and pardons, power to make treaties, and power to appoint major federal officials The legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government are distributed separated-among three distinct and independent branches of the government- seperation of powers What worries did the smaller states have when the constitution was being formed? feared that they would not be able to protect their interests What is the role of precinct election boards? supervises the polling place and the voting process in each precinct; draws precinct lines, fixes the location of each polling place, and picks the members of the precinct boards; opens and closes the polls at the times set by State law, see that the ballots and the ballot boxes are available, and counts the votes cast in each precinct What are the different ways to run for President? self-announcement, caucus, convention, direct primary, and petition What are the reasons for voter registration? gives election officials a list of those persons who are qualified to vote and identifies voters in terms of their party preference What is the role of minor party candidates? "spoiler role"-pull votes from one of the major parties critic and innovator draw attention to some issue that the major parties have ignored Antifederalists' concerns about the Constitution included a concern that the Constitution did not specifically enumerate protected civil liberties. As a political value, individual liberty ranked behind equality in the minds of the Constitution's framers. was preeminent for the Constitution's authors. Changing the structure or composition of the federal government has been the motivating factor behind most of the post-Bill of Rights amendments. The _____ and _____ restricted who could come to America while the _____ had almost no restrictions. Spanish, French, English What were some of the reasons the English came to America? profit, owning land, jobs, political freedom, religious freedom Groups of people who pooled their money to form a corporation to finance coming to America. joint-stock companies set of rules stating where a colony was to be founded and how it was to be governed. Charter colonies founded under a charter charter colonies colonies that were given to people by the king proprietary colonies colonies where the king had direct control royal colonies What were three hazards faced by early colonists starvation, disease, Indians. disagreed with the Church of England, believed that a congregation should govern itself, wanted to purify the church. Puritans did not believe it was possible to purify the Anglican church. Separatists separatists who first went to Holland and later to America to have freedom of worship Pilgrims The Pilgrims received permission to settle in _____ but accidentally landed in _____. Virginia, Massachusetts first agreement to provide for self-government in the New World. Mayflower Compact name of the first Pilgrim colony. Plymouth indian who was left with the Pilgrims, he showed them how to plant corn and squash. He also helped them start a trading industry with the neighboring Indians. Squanto governor of Plymouth, called for a three-day celebration of thanksgiving to God. William Bradfordt Puritan attempts to reform the Church of England from within met with little success. They soon tired of persecution and govern- ment corruption. Several Puritan leaders decided it was time to begin an experiment in the New World. Massachusetts Bay Company Leader of the Massachusetts Bay Company John Winthrop A time in the 1630s when over 15,000 puritans arrived in the Massachusetts area. the "Great Migration" 12 stockholders in the Company who were given full power to govern the colony. freemen a pastor in Salem, was one of the first to disagree openly with the Puritan leaders. Believed that the Indians owned the land, believed in the separation of church and state. Founded Providence, Rhode Island. Roger Williams founded Hartford Connecticut Thomas Hooker Connecticut adopted a plan of union called the _________. This document was the first written constitution, or plan of government, drawn up in America. the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. fourth New England colony, founded because of overcrowding. New Hampshire explored for both England and the Netherlands. While sailing for the Netherlands in 1609, he discovered the river that now bears his name. He sailed up the river to the present site of Albany, New York. Henry Hudson claimed by the Dutch, eventually became New York. New Netherland governor of a settlement on Manhattan Island, called New Amsterdam, later New York. Peter Minuit The Dutch promised large grants of land to anyone who could bring fifty settlers to the New World. Those who received these large grants were called _____. patroons He sent warships to capture New Amsterdam, and the settlers saw the fleet and decided to surrender. They were dissatisfied with the Dutch government and were not prepared to defend themselves. the Duke of York The Duke of York gave the southern portion of his new territory to two of his friends, _____ and _____. This territory became New Jersey. Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley founded by the Quakers. Pennsylvania was paid a large tract of land in America to settle a debt, founded Pennsylvania. William Penn originally founded by the Swedes, it passed into Dutch, then English hands and eventually became Delaware. New Sweden first permanent settlement was Jamestown, grew much tobacco, their charter was revoked and it became a royal colony. Virginia given to Catholics as a colony for themselves Maryland founded Maryland Cecilius Calvert, called Lord Baltimore guaranteed religious freedom to all who believed in the Trinity, this was the first written law of religious free- dom in the colonies. Act of Toleration Charles II wished to reward those who had been loyal to the royal family during the civil war, so he gave them this tract of land. the Carolinas two cash crops in the Carolinas tobacco and indigo founded Georgia James Oglethorpe Was founded as a buffer zone between the colonies and Spanish Florida, and as a home for debtors to pay off their debts. Georgia Which crop often served as money for payment of taxes and wages in Virginia? tobacco Which city became an important commercial center in the Carolinas? Charleston |